Vocational Education and Training Essay -- essays research papers

THERE HAVE ALWAYS BEEN VOCATIONAL ASPECTS TO SCHOOLING IN AUSTRALIA. HOWEVER, IN RECENT clock THERE HAS BEEN AN INCREASED EMPHASIS ON THIS ASPECT OF SCHOOLING WITHIN BOTH THE GENERAL CURRICULUM AND THOSE AREAS THAT HAVE A PARTICULAR VOCATIONAL FLAVOUR.IN WHAT WAYS DOES THIS EMPHASIS PROVIDE A BROADER OR NARROWER CONCEPTION OF EDUCTION FOR SCHOOL STUDENTS?YOUR RESPONSE NEEDS TO REFER TO (I) THE AIMS OF THE NEW VOCATIONALISM AND HOW IT IS CURRENTLY BEING MANIFESTED IN secondhand SCHOOLING (II) HOW EQUALITY OF OUTCOMES FOR ALL SENIOR STUDENTS CAN BE MANAGED AT AT TIME OF HIGH STUDENT RETENTION IN THE POST-COMPULSORY YEARS AND (III) A CRITIQUE OF THE CURRENT VET IN SCHOOLS POLICY.Aims and Origins of New vocationalismWhat is vocational teaching method? That depends on the period in history and whom you ask. There is probably no great bone of contention or confusion among educators. Vocational education or educating students to fulfil their vocation or calling in life is such a broad definition. Traditionally it has been seen as an education for those not taking up tertiary studies, for those who instead undertake hands on training before go in the world of work. If this then is the definition, entry to some of the most highly regarded professions, is through vocational education. Take for example the doctor, teacher or the architect. In each of these cases the undergrad student must undertake some form of on the job training and examination in order to receive their registration. This then changes the focus of vocational education. No longer can we look from the traditional think that it is for tradespeople, or blue-collar workers. We must then take a more encompassing view that it is necessary element of education for all students, to give them the grounding to deal with the challenges of the work force, regardless of the esteem the work they will ultimately do is held in.Vocational Education is certainly not a red-hot phenomenon. It has existed in some fo rm or another in Australia schools since formal education began (Skilbeck et al, 1994). Vocational education has always been at the whim of the financial and political climate. In a boom, there is a surge in popularity in order to meet the skills shortages, in an economic crisis it is seen as the best way out (Keating, 1998). Since the industrial revolution there have been calls from industry for edu... ...e outside world. That education should reflect the world it prepares students to pass away in, and not simply focus on the facts so that students reach set academic levels. Not all students have talent in all areas, and new vocationalism is a way of tailoring education to better suit the changing needs of our students as they enter the unknown world of this new millennium.ReferencesANTA web site, 2000. http//www.anta.gov.au/ first rudiment/VETinSchools.htmFrost, M. 2000. Releasing the Genie The Impact of VET in Schools on Education. Curriculum Perspectives 201 (pp45-50). Downloa ded from web site http//www.vetnetwork.org.au/resources/papers/acapaper.htmlKeating, J. 1998. Australian Training mend Implications for Schools (Revised Edition). Curriculum Corporation, Melbourne, Victoria.Pollard, A., Puvris, J. & Walford, G. 1988. Education Training & the New Vocationalism Experience and Policy. Open University Press, Milton Keynes.Robinson, C. & Kenyan, R. 1998. The Market for Vocational Education & Training. NCVER, Leabrook, SA.Skilbeck, M. Connell, H. Lowe, N. & Tait, K. 1994. The Vocational Quest New Directions in Education and Training. Routledge, London.

Jews And The Cultural Life Of Fin De Siecle Vienna :: European Europe History

Jews And The Cultural Life Of Fin De Siecle capital of AustriaMythenbildung ist wie kristallisation in der gesattigten salzlosung es wird dann im entscheidenden augenblick alles mythisch Arthur Schnitzler (Buch der Freunde) (1)Viennese Jews proportionally did have more representatives in the pagan sphere. This can be because they had the means, ways and opportunity to exploit their situation to pursue the arts. Steven Beller states quite unequivocally Whether it be Freud, Schoenberg, Schnitzler or Wittgenstein, the number of individuals at the top aim of Viennese culture - or rather that type of culture for which Vienna is today so famous - who are of at least partly Jewish descent is so large that it cannot be ignored. (2) And indeed it has not been ignored, rather it has been used to create myth.(3) with many of the authors who write on the Jews of fin-de-siecle Vienna depicting a golden age and of a homogenuous Jewish culture with a shared common identity.(4) Yet Ernst Gombrich recently controversially asserted, whilst giving a lecture on the topic of, Fin de siecle Vienna and its Jewish Cultural influences, I am of the opinion that the notion of Jewish Culture was, and is, an invention of Hitler and his forerunners and after-runners. (5) in that location is then a controversy centered around Jewishness which likewise examines the individual and their take of faith, secularisation or assimilation.(6) For indeed what at this time did it mean to be a Jew? What in any case was the Cultural life in this Vienna? (7)Judaism is a religion. It is not a nationality. Nowadays Israel is synomonous with Judaism but there was no State of Israel in the 19th speed of light and there was no holocaust in the 19th carbon. It is necessary to state this because they have both in their own ways changed our perceptions as to what it means to be a Jew. The Jews of Vienna despite being portrayed as a homogenous unit were in fact divided on many lines. thither were firstly, m ajor class divisions, excessively they had a myriad of political beliefs, they had as many nationalities as the empire and more, and even with regards religion there were differences, since even an assimilated, lapse or aethistic Jew could still be regarded as a Jew. Throughout the history of the Habsburg Empire, Jews had been bankers to the Crown. Despite prejudice and restrictions on their movement andJews And The Cultural Life Of Fin De Siecle Vienna European Europe HistoryJews And The Cultural Life Of Fin De Siecle ViennaMythenbildung ist wie kristallisation in der gesattigten salzlosung es wird dann im entscheidenden augenblick alles mythisch Arthur Schnitzler (Buch der Freunde) (1)Viennese Jews proportionally did have more representatives in the heathenish sphere. This can be because they had the means, ways and opportunity to exploit their situation to pursue the arts. Steven Beller states quite unequivocally Whether it be Freud, Schoenberg, Schnitzler or Wittgenstein, the number of individuals at the top level of Viennese culture - or rather that type of culture for which Vienna is today so famous - who are of at least partly Jewish descent is so large that it cannot be ignored. (2) And indeed it has not been ignored, rather it has been used to create myth.(3) with many of the authors who write on the Jews of fin-de-siecle Vienna depicting a golden age and of a homogenuous Jewish culture with a shared common identity.(4) Yet Ernst Gombrich recently controversially asserted, whilst giving a lecture on the topic of, Fin de siecle Vienna and its Jewish Cultural influences, I am of the opinion that the notion of Jewish Culture was, and is, an invention of Hitler and his forerunners and after-runners. (5) There is then a controversy centered around Jewishness which likewise examines the individual and their level of faith, secularisation or assimilation.(6) For indeed what at this time did it mean to be a Jew? What also was the Cultural life in this V ienna? (7)Judaism is a religion. It is not a nationality. Nowadays Israel is synomonous with Judaism but there was no State of Israel in the 19th century and there was no holocaust in the 19th century. It is necessary to state this because they have both in their own ways changed our perceptions as to what it means to be a Jew. The Jews of Vienna despite being portrayed as a homogenous unit were in fact divided on many lines. There were firstly, major class divisions, also they had a myriad of political beliefs, they had as many nationalities as the empire and more, and even with regards religion there were differences, since even an assimilated, sink or aethistic Jew could still be regarded as a Jew. Throughout the history of the Habsburg Empire, Jews had been bankers to the Crown. Despite prejudice and restrictions on their movement and

The Use of Simulations in Education Essay -- Teaching Education Essays

The Use of Simulations in EducationAbstractThe purpose of my paper is to restrict simulations, discuss their value for educational purposes, and review some possible concerns regarding their use.Simulations Defined Simulations offer society the opportunity to play out strategic moves to see the force before actually committing oneself to a real-life plan. They can, for instance, empower biologists to explore the growth of cells, network managers to analyze the flow of information, city planners to play through complex growth and befoulment scenarios, school children to experience the fragility of food webs, and to a greater extent (Ioannidou and Repenning, 1999, p.1). Due to a desire to develop models that deal with highly, complex phenomena or issues, estimator simulations were born. The basis for their fundament was strongly linked with technological innovation. Increased access to computer simulation legal instruments has therefore facilitated the exploration of comp lex issues, which were formerly beyond reach using the more traditional analytical methods (Windrum, 1999, p.1) Simulations have become a new way of communicating, much like e-mail only interactive. A simulation requires a computer with high resolution graphics, Internet access, and if using the web, interactive simulations can be accessed through web browsers (Ioannidous and Repenning, p.1). According to Ioannidou and Repenning, simulations are a powerful communication tool for exchanging complex ideas. When packaged as Java applets, simulations are also a good way to convey these ideas everywhere and support distance learning (p.1). whiz recent example of a simulation that we, as a class, had the opportunity to investigate was posted on the list s... ...quires more than just good software. For condescension and industry as well as education, to take real advantage of this software, they have to show a real commitment to training and education (Garnet, p. 3). References Chapman, Kenneth Sorge, Christine. (1999). Can a simulation help achieve course objectives? An exploratory study investigating differences among instructional tools. Journal of Education for Business Vol. 74 (pp. 225). Garnett, Jeremy. (1999). The last word on simulation. IIE Solutions Vol. 31 (p. 45). Ioannidou, Andri Repenning, Alexander. (1999). End-User programmable simulations. Dr. Dobbs Journal Vol. 24 (p. 40). Lopez, Asbel. (1999). Pretending for real. UNESCO Courier Vol. 52 (p. 14). Windrum, Paul. (1999). Simulation models of technological innovation. American Behavioral Scientist Vol. 42 (p. 1531).

Novel Eval :: Technology Papers

Novel EvalThere appears to be some writing on the none ... Ethel Cindy R. Lucero English M01A Ms. Janet Cross April 16, 2001 A Gender Twist One great allure of computerized communication systems is their ability to allow participants to effortlessly reshape their selves and their sort through the manipulation of words and images or representations rather than through modification of the physical body, a process requiring access to advanced biomedical technologies beyond the clasp of most individuals. These communication systems allow people to escape boundaries and categories that have in the past constrained their activities and their identities. In communication, knowing the identity of those with whom you communicate is essential for brain and evaluating an interaction. Yet in the disembodied world of the realistic community, identity is also ambiguous. Many of the basic cues about personality and social role we are disposed to in the physical world are absent.Contained in t hat concept is the seed of a true revolution in computers and communication the possibility that it may no longer be possible to make judgments based on physical and biological images before our eyes, that instead we may be forced to deal with burst categories and shifting identities. Jesse Kornbluth, in his article titled you make me feel like A Virtual Woman, wrote about his experiences in using the internet as a means of communication with other people. His extraordinary revelations came from ordinary chat rooms where his identity changed to a woman. He is heterosexual, but once online, he becomes a virtual woman. This started when he first logged in, he was bored to death by regular chat rooms, where all people can see on the main window are terms like LOL (laughing out loud). He went on to the next level, which is the member room. They have inviting names such as M 4 M, marry and Restless, etc. He anticipated an interesting room but found out that it was a mess of men and wo men or men and men type while they indulge themselves in hot chats of perversion. He was disappointed not to find smart and witty individuals to talk to on the net. He has a fantastic wife and a bunch of female friends, that if he was a slimeball, he could have as much lovers as he wants. So he is not interested in all the junk cybersex has to offer.

Effective Communication Skills Essay -- Message, Feedback

IntroductionAn important step to becoming an effective leader is to develop effective communication skills. Communication is the transmission of meaning from one person to another or to many people, whether verbally or non-verbally (Barrett, 2006). Effective communication enables leaders to lead. Effective communication occurs only if the receiver understands the exact information or idea that the sender intended to covey. As a leader, studying the communication process is important. Communication skills, including the ability to problem solve, bring in in teams, and adapt to unlike audiences, are critical in todays workplace (Levy& Murname, 2004). Since the most successful leaders communicate well, understanding how your communication is working and how it might work better is critical to achieving similar success. The purpose of this paper is to assess my communication skills and develop a recipe for successful communication that other leaders screwing use to evaluate their communication skills. I leave behind outline my approach to assessing my communication skills and describe my development plan for improving those skills. MethodsAccording to Chambers (2001), communicating is a complex process. The ability to draft a message, deliver it to another, listen for feedback, process it, and continue to communicate in ways that are understood requires skills that replete time to develop. The best place to start is to first understand which communication skills need development.The first tool I used to perform my self- sound judgment was a comprehensive communication evaluation tool developed by IHC Health Services (see Appendix A). I chose this instrument because I wanted to start my assessment by measuring my overall understanding of the... ... communicator.My second goal is to understand the different communication styles and adjust my communication style to the needs of others. This goal provide be achieved once I have mastered the art of altering my behavior so that it fits better with another persons style. This skill will need to be practiced and honed until it is perfected. It will take time to master this skill.ConclusionImproving communication skills should be a priority for all leaders. turn an effective communicator takes practice. Identifying communication skills to personally work on is the first step in becoming a better communicator and better leader. Great leaders get laid the importance of good communication. Responsible leaders work to prevent communication mishaps and keep the communication flowing throughout their organizations.

Effective Communication Skills Essay -- Message, Feedback

IntroductionAn important step to becoming an effective leader is to break off effective chat skills. Communication is the transmission of meaning from one person to another or to many people, whether verbally or non-verbally (Barrett, 2006). Effective communication enables leadership to lead. Effective communication occurs only if the receiver understands the exact information or idea that the sender intended to covey. As a leader, studying the communication dish up is important. Communication skills, including the ability to problem solve, work in teams, and adapt to various audiences, are critical in todays workplace (Levy& Murname, 2004). Since the most boffo leaders communicate well, understanding how your communication is working and how it might work better is critical to achieving similar success. The purpose of this paper is to assess my communication skills and interrupt a recipe for successful communication that other leaders can use to evaluate their communicatio n skills. I will outline my approach to assessing my communication skills and describe my development plan for improving those skills. MethodsAccording to Chambers (2001), communicating is a complex abut. The ability to draft a message, deliver it to another, listen for feedback, process it, and continue to communicate in ways that are understood requires skills that take time to develop. The best place to start is to first understand which communication skills postulate development.The first tool I used to perform my self- assessment was a comprehensive communication evaluation tool developed by IHC Health operate (see Appendix A). I chose this instrument because I wanted to start my assessment by measuring my overall understanding of the... ... communicator.My second goal is to understand the diametric communication styles and adjust my communication style to the needs of others. This goal will be achieved once I have mastered the art of altering my look so that it fits bett er with another persons style. This skill will need to be practiced and honed until it is perfected. It will take time to master this skill. demonstrationImproving communication skills should be a priority for all leaders. Becoming an effective communicator takes practice. Identifying communication skills to personally work on is the first step in becoming a better communicator and better leader. Great leaders recognize the importance of good communication. Responsible leaders work to prevent communication mishaps and notice the communication flowing throughout their organizations.

Gangs Research Paper Essay

Gangs have produced a culture of their own surprisingly similar to many another(prenominal) groups in mainstream society. Religious, political, and special interest groups disregard all be comp atomic number 18d to gangs and their ideology. Typically, groups are innate(p) through a shared idea or terminus by similar individuals. Many ideas may be radical or may not follow the norms regulate by mainstream society. Conflicts between groups are neither elevated nor uncommon because of the simple fact that not all ideas pull up stakes be shared by everyone in society.In history, the basis of many wars has been mainly caused by religious differences. A similar comparison underside be made between gangs and the other members of society. divers(prenominal) groups in society have different slipway of achieving a variety of set goals such(prenominal) as money or status. Gangs do not have the same performer of achieving wealth, happiness, respect or affable status as mainstream soci ety does. These ideas of innovation are a result of gang members rejecting socially cau send offd means but acknowledgeing the ends or set goals.Deviant behaviour has developed in gangs because of their way of obtaining money and status. Mainstream society has set the example that a successful individual in life will conform to the idea that many years of education will lead to a career which will essentially provide a steady income. In theory, gangs resort to violence and roughshod activity because of their rejection to socially accepted, mainstream goals. For example, as the unemployment rate pluss, research has found that property crime increases as well.Gang members, as mentioned by Bobrowskis studies, contribute mostly to Part II offenses such as property crime. In addition, Reiner mentions that one of the three realities of life that shoot for gang crime is unemployment. With this evidence we can conclude that there is a positive correlation coefficient between gang crim e and mainstream issues like unemployment rates. In conclusion, we can see how gangs are seen as a problem in society because of their lack of conformity to social norms. The prevalence of gangs Gangs have played a square role in the criminal justice system and society overall.These groups overwhelm in numbers, according to the United States Department of Justice there are an estimated 800,000 members in over 24,500 gangs spread out over 3,300 jurisdictions. While most gang crimes occur on the streets, a 2006 survey conducted by the National Gang criminal offense Research Center, out of 212 U. S. schools, 25% of American schools reported a gang shooting near their school in the past year alone. In a more broad sense, gang activity was reported in more than half of state and local law enforcements jurisdiction. Most, if not all, gangs have been born in or around a big city like Los Angeles, California.These gangs root from these major cities but, often they franchise or branch out to increase in numbers. The relevance of theoretical explanations of gang behavior There are a myriad of theories that have been created to attempt to explain human abnormal behavior related to gangs specifically. These theories are categorized according to their discipline biological, sociological, psychological. Generally speaking, there are a number of theories used when analyzing criminal and deviant behavior such as labeling, deterrence, anomie, credit line, social learning and self-control theories.There are also classifications or levels of theories such as systems, social and individual level theories. Criminal theoriser and researchers join forces in an inductive process, in which they interpret quantitative data, make empirical generalizations then finally produce a theory, leading to a factual-based hypothesis. The growth of criminal theories is extremely important, especially when attempting to explain gang crime. Given these assumptions, we can scrutinize theories c arefully and develop policy implications to improve the criminal justice system.Different theories explain the wide variety of factors that contribute to deviant behavior within a gang. For example, the labeling theory assumes that formal labeling of offenders motivates them to take on more serious criminal careers (Criminological Theories 158). In addition, some theories such as strain theory explain how social strain or stress is experienced by an individual when they accept society goals but, experience blockages while attaining those goals. A theoretical explanation of gangs and gang crimeClosely observing the strain and anomie theory we can see that it explains how gangs create their own socially disapproved means to obtain the goals that are promoted by mainstream society. Strain and anomie theories are complementary even though, strain theory is in the individual level and anomie theory is in a social level theory. Strain such as unemployment rates, housing availability, econ omic instability, and lack of educational opportunity enhance gang behavior in one way or another.Robert Merton explains 5 goals of adaptation to strain and these are conformity, innovation, ritualism, retreatism and rebellion. When analyzing gangs we classify them as innovators. They render the approved goals society has publicized, yet they create a new way or new means to obtain that goal. Mainstream society and law abiding citizens accept the means they are given to obtain the ends that are promoted this is considered conformity.Essentially anomie/strain theories, as stated in Criminological Theories, perceive blocked goals as producing deviance-inducing strain. Gang members are typically move-class members of society and as result, there is a lack of resources available. This strain will cause gang members to become deviant separating them furthermore from the middle and upper classes. Separation and peer rejection are other elements in strain theory even though there has bee n weak correlation between these deviant behavior and peer rejection. In addition, a big component evaluated in strain theory is the perspective an individual has towards the stressful aftermath.The event must be seen as unjust and high in magnitude in order for the individual to act upon the stressful event in a deviant matter. For example, if an individual loses a close relative due to a gang related murder the strain will be of greater touch than if the individual experienced frustration in school. In this case there is great probability that the individual will resort to gang violence. A look backward of the research on the theorys viability Research supports general strain theory and prevention programs involving family therapy strengthen Merton and Durkheims theoretical contributions.Delinquent gangs continue to be concentrated in lower class and minority neighborhoods and empirical research has been consistently finding positive correlations between gender, social class an d deviant behavior. These variables are important to analyze when researching gang crimes because they are unarguably causes of strain to individuals. Members of lower socioeconomic class will almost always innovate new, usually illegitimate, means to achieve the goals set by society and data gathered throughout the years has proven this statement.From Durkeim to Merton and, most recently Cohen, and Cloward and Ohlin, have all improved upon strain theory with research data and facts. Conclusion and recommendations I personally believe that the strain/anomie theory has very strong points, even though I see no concrete separation between strain and anomie. Many argue these as two separate theories but, I see one large, information-packed theory. It can be overwhelming analyzing so much possible explanation for gang behavior and strain/anomie theory adds on to the bombardment of possible justifications.fundamentally speaking, strain/anomie theory explains the different paths individual s take and what stressors affect them along the way. Many stressors affect individuals in a different way. Not all minorities and lower class members will deny legitimate means to obtain certain goals such as, not all gang members are searching for the same goal law-abiding citizens are. I believe policy implications arising from strain/anomie theory are more closely related to other theories like social get theory and self-control.

Byronic Hero

Byronic Hero Romantic Hero Tragic Hero Anti-Hero During the Romantic Era, a hybrid of the Romantic Hero evolved out of the books of Lord Byron and the combination tragic electric ray/romantic hotshot/anti hero characterization of many of the protagonists in Gothic Novels. Frankenstein is considered one of the Gothic Novels that veritable out the the Romantic Era. The heroes in Frankenstein could fit into the Byronic Hero category or be classified as Romantic, Tragic, or Anti Heroes.Lady Caroline Lamb, a designer lover of Lord Byrons called him mad, bad, and dangerous to know. This epitaph stuck as a way to describe a Byronic Hero in literature as well. See if master key Frankenstein fits the description of the Byronic Hero or if he embodies more of the traits of the other heroes. What about Captain Walton and the Monster? Characteristics of The Byronic Hero high level of intelligence and perception device and able to adapt sophisticated and educated self-critical and i ntrospective mysterious, magnetic and charismatic struggling with integrity power of seduction and intimate attraction social and sexual dominance emotional conflicts, bipolar tendencies, or moodiness a distaste for social institutions and norms being an exile, an outcast, or an outlaw dark attributes not normally associated with a hero disrespect of rank and privilege a troubled past cynicism arrogance self-destructive behavior Characteristics of The Romantic Hero Birth and class are unessential the individual transcends society The battle is internal it is a psychological war won by the courage to be me Moral codes are eccentricheroes bring on their own rules Passions are outside of individual control Self knowledge is valued more than physical strength or endurance (physical courage is de-valued) The hero is moody, isolated, and introspective Loyalty is to a particular project and to a community of like- ideaed others Characteristics of The Tragic Hero has st rong extraordinary character of noble nativity (aristocrat or royalty) possesses a flaw in character which is his or her weakness Great Weakness (obsession, lust, greed, desire) leads to ultimate autumn has a moment of Tragic prime(a) which spirals into the downfall of hero Downfall always includes death in a traditional tragedy Downfall also brings about far-reaching catastrophe many deaths, downfall of family, kingdom or society Tragic Hero has potential to turn into an Anti-Hero Characteristics of The Anti-hero foil to the mission or life of the hero possesses a sharp mind or cunning nature often possesses superhuman strength or power may be profoundly evil may be misapprehend and have potential for good may have been wronged and bent on revenge may wake up no sympathy from reader may elicit some sympathy from reader may possess strong ambition to succeed or desire for power lives on fringes of society may be considered ugly or unattractive or possesses/obtai ned some physical scar, deformity or imperfection that may have lead to their evil behavior

The Baby Boom

The tiddler Boom was one of the most important pull downts in Canadian history and continues to Impact how we live our lives today. After World War 2 ended, between the days of 1945 and 1 965, there was a long increase in population known as the Baby Boom. The Baby Boom occurred because soldiers came home from war with a victory and were flnally ready to start a family with their wives or girlfriends In a time when there was a good economy. In 1959, 20 percent of all women who were in their twenties had babies and the average family had three to four children (1 ).Around 1961, births per super C women aged 15-49 hit almost 4,000 (5). In total, more than 8. 2 babies had been born during the pamper boom in Canada (2). These statistics give you an indication about how densely and quickly the population increased and how this bulge in the population could not be Ignored through the years, Many events In history have helped shape Canada into the bea it is today, but nothing has m ade such an impact on how we have lived, live now, and will continue to live as much as the baby boom has.The Baby Boom created an overwhelming demand for homes ecause of expanding families needing more room for their advancedborn children, this demand led to something called Suburbia. More than 1. 1 million caparison units were bullt In the 1950s (3) to adjust to all of the new families who needed homes this began the first decade of urban sprawl. There would also be a fine-looking huge demand for nurses, school teachers, doctors and such to take care of the huge amount of new kids born as a result of the Baby Boom.CanadaS economy had foregone from making Bren Machine Guns Just a few years earlier for the war to making baby arriages, baby c jamhes, new cars, and bunk beds for all the new children that had lust recently entered Into the world. A few years later. during the 1950S, when the baby boomers started to become teenagers, society had to adjust accordingly as rise. Many communities began to build new arenas, recreational facilities, organizations, and teenager hangouts in order to make up for the huge amount of adolescents roaming their society. In the same time period the baby boomers also began to greatly captivate music culture and such.Teenagers tended to listen to the ig rock and roll stars at the time, Including Chuck Berry, Elvis Presley and Ottawas very own Paul Anka (4). Marketers began to realize that the more they utilize these songs, the more money they would make. That being said, the baby boomers virtually catered to not only the music Industry, but things such as film and books as well. The baby boomers were autocratic the way the 50s and 60s would later be viewed and talked about in the future. The Baby Boomers are affecting todays communities. The average baby boomer would be around 65 years old this year.Today, they dont ecessarily rule the media world, but they do have a huge impact on Job openings for young people. The baby boomers are occupying all of the big Jobs of today, making it harder for younger people to find Jobs that pay well to support their families. Luckily for teenagers of today, soon the baby boomers will be retiring all at once, leaving a huge amount of Job openings in their path. Once the baby boomers retire and Decome seniors, tne taxes may De Torcea to Increase In order to cater to tne of necessity 0T the huge amount of elderly and their requirements, such as government pensions, nd Medicare.There might also be smaller changes that the average person wouldnt notice, such as the demand for soccer fields and hockey arenas may decrease and golf courses could become more popular. If the Baby Boom from 1945- 1965 didnt happen, the world today, leading up to today, and even the future, would be very different from the way we live now. When the baby boomers were originally born, they required a huge amount of new housing and supplies, as well as causing a vast increase in population in a very short period of time.When the baby boomers grew up to be teenagers, they virtually controlled the media scene and also required a lot of new buildings and things to be built. Even now, when they are almost seniors in our society, they control a lot of things, one of the bigger things being employment. The Baby Boom happened around 55 years ago, and it still is showing impact on Canadas development today. There are many other events in Canadas history that contributed to Canadas development but nothing continues to have as much of a significant impact as the Baby Boom does.

British airways Essay

British Airways is one of the International Airlines that posts its flights to 570 destinations in 133 territories. It mainly ope rank from the Heathrow and Gatwick. It faces numerous problems like 531 million pounds loss in revenue because of lack of planetary grocery study, employee relationship (strike problem) and many more. Hence an effective strategy is the only chance to everywherecome these problems. The strategy of British Airways includes the innovation in technological accessories, customers relationship, employee relationship, arctic and security of stake holders and so on. IntroductionAny business has challenges from different elements like globalisation, information and technology, socio and cultural factors, political factors and so on. To meet these challenges a puzzle bulge strategy is rattling crucial for any organization. A strategy is a clear vision of what the organisation will be based on a sustainable competitive usefulness. Actually, strategy is a ro ad map for future directions and scope. It is a long range plan for five years and more. It poses mission, objective and goals for an organisation. To develop an effective strategy any organisation must(prenominal) set an account with different factors. Environmental analysis, present analysis, strength, weakness, opportunities and so on are the factor by which a strategy can be developed. Part 11) Identify the mission, Values and key objectives of an organisation within its environment. The mission statement of British Airways is To be the undisputed leader in world travel for the next millennium. The values of British AirwaysHonest.ReliableOn timeGood serviceObjectives of British AirwaysBritish Airways based in London is the largest respiratory tracts in the United Kingdomand leave alones daily flights to more than 400 cities world-wide. Like most large corporations the air passage must focus on a variety of goals and objectives both for short-term and long-term survival in the competitive global market. General objectives of British AirwaysWith an objective of comely the worlds largest leader in global premium airline, British Airways will continue to focus on customer service at any level of passengers journey. The general Objectives are divided into three areas. Global (appeal to all passengers, whether for leisure or business travel in order to create repeat customers). Premium (ensure that passengers receive the highest quality of service where ever they encounter the airlines). Airline (maintain the focus on aviation with the largest equipment, products and services). Strategic objectives of British AirwaysBritish Airways provides four strategic objectivesAirline of choice ( abide the top choice for International flights for premium customers as well as cargo, economy and shorter flights). Top-quality services (provides the best customer service for passengers on all routes and classes of travel and improve online service). Global city growth (continue to expand the rock of top-tier countries by dint of airline vocalismnership). Meet customers needs (exploring the latest options and products to enhance customer loyalty. A stakeholder is a person or organisation that has an affaire in a business, for example benefit from it. As a customer you are a stakeholder in British Airways. Even if someone is working part time they are stakeholders in their employers business. You can be a stakeholder as a customer, in all shops you buy from and anywhere you spend leisure cash, it could be going to the cinema or aiding your football match. Stakeholders of o buy products or services, they are looking for a wide range of products and services. They also expect easy accessibility and hope to buy good quality products and services at a competitive price. They are really great as they provide money for the business in order to be successful. SuppliersSuppliers stock the business with the supplies the business needs, if they are l ate then it will cause a competitiveness between business and suppliers. Therefor it is vital that all the business suppliers are on time. Suppliers are probably the third important part in a business, they provide the products/services and if they are not in time it poses to be a threat to the financial state of the business. On the other hand, suppliers arent that important in decision making because they are scared of losing their contract with British Airways. EmployeesMay want an increase in pay rise. Staffs spend a penny a very big interest in British Airways, they pitch an interest in the business in the form of wages, bonuses, discounts, and holiday pension. OwnersIn argument it may want a decrease in pay rise for their employees you could say that the owners probably one of the most important people in a business. Local and national communitiesGive planning permission depending on the business a person wants to do.Part 22) Investigate the economic, social, and global e nvironment in which organizations operate. What is an economic schema An organised manner in which a state or a nation allots its resources and allocates goods and services in the national community. An economic establishment is loosely defined as a countries plan for its services, goods, and the exact way in which its economic plan is carried out. Basically in that respect are three major(ip)/different fibres of economic systems prevailing around the world and they are Market Economy In a market economy, national and state governances be realize a minor role. Instead consumers and their buying decisions drive the economy. In this type of economic system, the assumptions of the market play a major role in deciding the pay path for a countrys economic development. Market economies aim to reduce or eliminate entirely subsidies for a particular industry, the pre-determination of prices for different commodities, and the follow of regulation controlling different industrial sect ors. The absence of central planning is one of the major features of this economic system. Market decisions are mainly dominated by supply and demand, the role of the governing in a market economy is to simply make sure that the market is lasting enough to carry out its economic activities properly. Planned Economy A planned economy is also known as a command economy. The most important aspect of this type of economy is that all major decisions related to the toil, distribution, commodity and service prices, are all made by the government.The planned economy is government directed, and market forces halt very little say in such(prenominal) an economy. This type of economy lacks the kind of flexibility that is present a market economy, and because of this, the planned economy reacts poky to changes in consumer needs and fluctuating patterns of supply and demand. On the other hand, a planned economy aims at using all available resources for developing production instead of alloca ting the resources either for advertising or marketing. Mixed Economy A heterogeneous economy combines elements of both the planned and the market economies in one viscous system. This means that certain features from both market and planned economic systems are taken to form this type of economy.This system prevails in many countries where neither the government nor the business entities control the economic activities of that country both sectors play an important role in the economic decision making of thecountry. In a mixed economy there is flexibility in some areas and government control in others. Mixed economies include both capitalist and social economic policies and a good deal arise in societies that seek to balance a wide range of political and economic views. http//www.economywatch.com/world_economic-indicators/typeBritish Airways operates in the Mixed economic system as British Airways was privatised on February 1987 and the government has less intervention as its a private company the only intervention that the government would have is only setting the prices of the air tickets. What is Social Welfare Social welfare is about how people, communicate and institutions in a society take action to provide certain minimum standards and certain opportunities. It is generally about encourageing people facing contingencies. Social welfare which British Airways does for its employees. Social Welfare Policy Is fundamentally to improve and protect the standard of living of the people or citizens as a whole. In the United Kingdom the Name Social Policy is utilise to apply to the policies that the government uses for welfare and social protection and the ways in which welfare is basically developed in a society.There are versatile social welfare policies that the United Kingdoms adopts and they are Social welfare constitution that British Airways has adopted/follows The impact that social welfare initiates on British Airways as well as the wider commu nity is firstly that British Airways adopting the work place regulation is that it benefits the employees of British Airways and that the employees can work without any heading aces as British Airways has provided all it employees with training in safety measures, plus rest time is given to the employees and to the clustering members of British Airways accommodation is given because the crew is normally flying for endless hours/long journeys. The workers are also made alert about the basic terms and conditions of the organisation which are basically ethics, regulation of conduct, and the responsibility of the organisation.The other social welfare insurance which British Airways provides its employees is social security for its employees similar to contribution benefits (Retirement pension, maternity allowances) and also non contributor benefits (social fund, working revenue benefits) to its employees, which gives the employees the freedom to do whatever in their personal life. T he Employment Law in British Airways states and illustratesthe normal working hours, conditions, and the acts of the organisation. What is Industrial PolicyIndustrial indemnity comprises all government interventions which consist of 1. Directed towards the supply side of the economy that consists of enterprises, industries, sectors). 2. Aims to influence the industrial structure of the economy and its industrial changes. Industrial policy purposefully actuates incentives to produce specific goods or incentives to enter or exit a specific goods market. It is not limited to manufacturing and includes all types of commercial economic activities. Industrial policy interventions have to be justified because if competitive markets worked adequately, any such intervention would 1. Distort optimal allocation,2. Distort dynamic competition and its benefits (innovation, flexibility, consumers sovereignty etc.). 3. perquisite specific enterprises or industries or sectors at the expenses of o thers, 4. Would disadvantage taxpayers and consumers. (An European industrial policy concepts and consequences, Oliver Budzinski). Industrial policy is concerned it is the government sponsored economic program in which the public and private sector coordinate their efforts to develop new technologies and industries. Government provides the financial support and capital to the private sector by direct subsidies, tax credits or government- run developmental banks. Industries policy emphasise cooperation between government, banks, private enterprise, and employees to strengthen the national economy. http//encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com Impact of Industrial policy on British AirwaysIn the United Kingdoms the Industrial policy has affected a lot of industries but the Industry that suffered the most was the aviation industry including all the airlines even British Airways. Therefore British Airways has changed its strategy of working and has been successful as British Airways adopte d new policies.One of the policy that states to reduce Co2 emissions by 15% by all airlines and British Airways has decided to reduce by 50% as they are working on creating a new kind of burn which is known as bio diesel which is pollution free and environment friendly. Fiscal Policy Government spendingpolicies that influences macroeconomic conditions. These policies affect tax rates, interest rates and government spending in an effort to control the economy. Monetary Policy The action of a central, bank currency or other regulatory military commission that determine the size and rate of growth of the money supply, which in turn affects interest rates. Monetary policy is maintained through actions such as increase the interest rate, or ever-changing the amount of money banks need to keep in the vault or bank reserves. Impact of fiscal and monetary policy on airline industry as well as British Airways The principles of economics tell us that governments can some quantify improve ma rket outcomes.Methods of influencing market outcomes can come in the form of monetary and fiscal policies. Monetary policies influence shifts in aggregate demand for goods and services by increasing the money supply, reducing the equilibrium interest rates and stimulating investiture spending or decreasing the money supply, raising equilibrium interest rates, lowering investment spending (Mankiw, 2004). Fiscal policies shift the aggregate demand curve by increasing or decreasing government spending or through the increase or decrease in taxes (Mankiw). Because these policies influence aggregate demand, the government uses such policies to try and bring stabilization to the economy.Such polices affect different industries on many different levels. Some industries have positive effects and some negative. In analysing how monetary and fiscal policies affect the airline industry, we can look at how these policies affect employment, growth of the industry, and product prices. Many fisca l policies directed toward the airline industry have had profound effects. One such policy is represented by the fray taxes and fees levied on air carriers. Such taxes and fees are allocated by the Government to fund improvements of airports, provide security for the airlines and airports, allocate funding for the FAA, provide for services for international customers, and support operations at airpark facilities.These fees represent roughly 26% or $52 of a standard 200-dollar round-trip airline ticket (Air Transport Association, 2005). Current economic conditions of the airline industry are dismal, especially due to the tragic events of folk 11th. The Air Transport Association (ATA) argues that such fiscal policy in these trying times hinder the air carriers ability to right themselves through a self-help policy. The ATA further explains that in an effort to stabilize the industry, such taxes andfees can account for the elimination of over 129,000 jobs, forced many carriers into b ankruptcy, and, because consumers react heavily to price increases in this industry, hinder their ability to allocate funds by raising ticket prices. With this current fiscal policy, air carriers have little manoeuvrability of funds to meet the demands of an operating budget. Mike smith (personal communication, June 10, 2008), former owner of Pacific Crest Aviation in Big Bear Lake, CA, adds that governing agencies institute other fees to generate operating revenues for airports.On example of this is landing fees. Landing fees vary from airport to airport, but play a key role in the determination of where air carriers decide to base their operations. In attempts to accumulate more funding through fiscal policy, Mr. Smith explains that the FAA continues to suggest the implementation of user fees. Still to be determined how such a fee would impact the airline industry present fiscal policies have air carriers screaming for reform. Deregulation is another fiscal policy that has consid erably impacted areas of the airline industry. Since deregulation in 1979, the airline industry experienced inviolable growth. With the emergence of new competition in the industry this created numerous amounts of jobs, drove ticket prices down, and expanded the available market for various air carriers. Through an industrial wide growth of over 200%, new carriers were able to open positions to thousands of new employees in various parts of the nation. Average ticket prices in 1979 remain relatively unchanged today. As an extremely competitive market emerged, the rally for passengers on each carriers flights kept ticket prices down as carrier created connecting flights through this new open sky policy reaching more consumers, minimizing opportunity cost, and offering competitive pricing.The Airline industry continues to be affected by the overall condition of the nations economy. When healthy spending exists and pleasure travel is frequent, air carriers are able to fill flights, ra ise prices, and maintain a stable economic environment. However, when condition of the nations economy falls, so do the buying habits of the consumer. This is where the airline industry finds itself today. Struggling to fill flights in a late economy and fighting heavy fiscal policy. Recent monetary policies made by the federal government to improve market conditions are sure to have an effect, but how it will impact employment, growth, and prices in the airline industry arestill unknown. The most Recent monetary policy made by the government came in the form of economic stimulus checks. This in-flow of money into the economy in an attempt to stimulate the purchase of goods and services throughout the United States may help diminish the effects of our current sluggish economy. Little to no data exists to show how this has impacted any growth in the airline industry. So far, there seems to be little change in the spending habits of the consumer to travel via air. Because the economi c position of the airline industry has been struggling for so long, improvements due to any iodine event may be impossible to track. Whether changes in fiscal policies, monetary policies, or internal carrier structure help to improve conditions in the airline industry, changes will happen slow and will reflect economic condition in the nations marketplace.By successfully managing opportunity cost, and adapting to an ever changing economic environment, airline industries can have economic success. However, the well-being of the nations economy will have a direct impact on the level of success experienced in the airline industry. During economic shortfalls in the nations economy, travellers will have fewer resources available to travel for pleasure. contribute to the negative economic influences in the airline industry, future and existing policies targeting the airline industry will continue to hinder the industrys ability to fitting back losses in periods of economic hardships. http//www.taxreformpanel.gov Makiw, N.G. (2004) Principles of economics (3rd edition). Chicago, 2 Thomson South-Western. PESTLE Analyses on British AirwaysPESTLE FactorsKey PointsImplications for British AirwaysPoliticalHeavy regulation (AEA, 2009). change magnitude security due to past terrorist threats (DFT, 2008) Compliance is essential if British Airways wants to continue. Sufficient security measures should be in place to ensure consumer confidence and competitive advantage in maintenance. EconomicGlobal economic crisis world growth is projected to just over 2 per cent in 2009 (IMF, 2008). Pound weakness especially against the Euro. Oil prices declined by 50% since their peak retreating to 2007 levels. Decline in fuel prises the dollar strengthens (IMF, 2008). UK Consumer spending saw its sharpest decline for 13 years between July and September 2008 (Channel 4, 2008) Possible reduction in the amount of business travel as companies are cutting be and using alternative means of communication such as telecom fencing. British Airways is vulnerable as a United Kingdom operating airline to a poor exchange rate. Fluctuation in oil prices and exchange rates will directly affect British Airways cost base. More intense competition.SocialThe United Kingdom has an aging population.increase UnemploymentPotential opportunities for growth as older generations have more time to spend on leisure activities such as international travel. Increased negociate power as an employee.TechnologicalA recent survey revealed that 34% of online consumers plan to use price- comparison sites more in 2009 (NMA, 2009) Online booking services and check in is becoming increasingly used by the airline industry. Increased consumer awareness and therefore bargaining power. British Airways must ensure that they remain up to date with these technological advances whilst avoiding becoming overly reliant, as this may isolate certain consumer markets (i.e. the elderly) who dont feel comfortable u sing such technology. Environmental/honorableNoise pollution controls and energy consumption controls.Cancellations of flights and loss of baggage.New legislation (e.g. climate change bill) enforcing tighter environmental regulation may increase operational costs each year. Such ethical issues could have a detrimental effect on reputation if left unresolved. LegalCollusion and price fixing.Recognition of flip-flop union and industrial action e.g. cabin crew strikes.Open skies agreement.Restriction on mergers will have an impact on British Airways proposed alliance with American Airlines. Good employee relations are essential if British Airways wants to avoid industrial action and interrupted operations. Opportunity for British Airways and its competitors to freely transport aircrafts between the European Union and the United States.

Side Effects of Cosmetic Surgery

Side cause of cosmetic procedure Each year, millions of mass choose to undergo cosmetic surgery. Before having these functions performed, long-sufferings are informed of the benefits and risks associated with such operations. The benefits of cosmetic surgery are quite obvious look jr., feel younger and correct the undesirable aspects of or defects in appearance. There are, however, many of the potential physical and psychological placement effects, some known and some not so widely understood.Some possible side effects of cosmetic surgery are pain, infection, scarring, swelling and psychological effects such as grief, depression and anxiety. Many of the side effects of cosmetic surgery , it is possible for any type of surgery. The changes in body chemistry, negative reactions to anesthesia, pain and infection are examples of possible side effects of surgery. The cosmetic surgery , however, carries certain risks that are not typical of other surgical procedures, such as changes in appearance and mental health problems.The starting obvious side effect that all patients experience after cosmetic surgery is a change in appearance. Despite this change is exactly what the patient requests, and many doctors use imaging software to show the patient what he or she will look like after surgery, the experience of looking in a mirror to look very different a computer-generated image. Many people are satisfied after surgery, but some people growl about the decision to modify their bodies, especially when the surgery involves a drastic change.Other patients do not follow the instructions after surgery and end up delaying the healing process, which can alter the outcome of surgery. The surgery scars and inflammation, for example, are commonly experienced when people do not obey the doctors recommendations. ornamental surgery is often very invasive, and doctors have to work diligently to minimize or hide the scars without complications introduced after the operation. Another side effect has less to do with the surgery itself and more to do with the expectations of individuals to establish changes in lifestyle, success or love life after undergoing cosmetic surgery.Many people choose to undergo this procedure because they believe it will serve as a cure for all problems. Some people then opt for an additional cosmetic surgery, thinking that another(prenominal) procedure will improve the situation, resulting in a vicious circle and addiction to cosmetic surgery. If patients have a history of psychological disorders, cosmetic surgery can increase the risk of other mental health problems or exacerbated.

Discuss one or more theories of Moral Understanding and evaluate its conclusions

The term goodity, according to Shaffer (1993) means a set of principles or ideals that help the individual to distinguish right from wrong and to act on this distinction. Morality is important to society, as it would not function effectively unless there is nigh agreement of what is right and wrong. There ar many beneathlying processes and environmental factors, which limit or promote social, cognitive and moralisticistic preparement in youngsterren. In modern society, television could be considered to be one of the major influences on a childs moral development.There are trine glide slopees to moral development the cognitive approach, the psychodynamic approach and the social learning surmise. The Cognitive-Developmental approach of Piaget and Kohlberg studies how children become more able to reason morally and make moral judgements, whereas the Freuds psychodynamic approach is more concerned with the development of the conscience and moral feelings such as guilt and anxi ety. The social learning theory of Bandura and Mischel investigates the development of moral doings and how design models in the family, society and the media, influence it.The theory I am going to discuss is Piagets Cognitive-Developmental Approach. His theory of moral development is concerned with how the childs moral knowledge and catch change with age. Piaget saw morality as any system of rules, which governs interaction between people. The methods of investigation he used to develop his theories were, he looked at the way children imposed rules in their games. He used games to written report the development of childrens moral development as he intellection that by studying rules in the context of a game, he could study the childs spontaneous though directly. He also, assessed changes in the childs moral judgements by telling hypothetical stories about children who lied, stole or broke something. When using hypothetical stories, Piaget was generally more interested in the r easons wherefore the children give the answers they did and not particularly the answers.Piaget identifies full points of moral development just as he identified stages with cognitive development. His theories of the way children think and their moral reasoning goes through and through a series of stages, as they are adapting to the origination, these are also cognise as the processes of accommodation and assimilation. He believed that as childrens reasoning about the world changes when they grow older and gain more experience, so does their reasoning about morality. Their ability to think about the world in more complex slipway is what causes them to move on from one stage to the next. This is known as cognitive development.Piaget stated that infants dont understand much about morality until they are about three or four years of age. Their development divides into two main stages after infancy. His stages of moral development arePre Moral Stage (up to three or four years)Child ren dont understand about rules, and so they dont make moral judgementsStage of Heteronomous Morality (aged three six-spot years)Children at this stage think rules are absolute and unchangeable, and the goodness and badness of an action is judged largely on the basis of its consequences rather than by taking heart into account.Stage of Autonomous Morality (from around six or seven)Children at this stage now overhear rules as more changeable and intentions are interpreted into account. Children also start to believe that it is possible to break rules and get away with it, whereas earlier they tended to think they will always be found out and perchance punished.Researchers from Europe and America have tested some of Piagets theories and have concluded that distinct stages of development do seem to exist however, other interrogation found that children do not see all rules as being equally important as Piaget thought they did.Heteronomous Morality, also known as moral realism, me ans when the child is subject to anothers laws or rules. Children think that rules mustiness be obeyed no matter what the circumstances. A child at this stage will think that rules are only made by authority figures, such as, parents and teachers. Two other features that are displayed in moral reasoning at this stage are, first they expect bad behaviour to be punished in some way, they believe that the punishment should be expiatory the wrongdoer must make amends for the crime by paying with some kind of suffering. They have the view that the amount of punishment should match the badness of the behaviour. Secondly, if the bad behaviour goes undetected then the child believes in immanent justice where any misfortune occurring after the bad behaviour can be seen as a punishment. For example, if a child tells a lie and gets away with it, then later trips and falls, the younger child could consider this as a punishment. In general, they believe punishment should be fair and that wron gdoing will always be punished in some way.Autonomous Morality, which means when the child is subject to ones own laws and rules. It involves moral relativism whereby the child comes to realise that rules evolve from social relationships. Due to the child decentring and their developed ability to think more flexibly about moral issues, they have began to realise it is important to take other peoples opinions into account. At this stage a child will have developed the apprehension that sometimes rules of morality can be broken in certain reasonable circumstances.They believe in reciprocal punishment, whereby the punishment should fit the crime. For example, if a child takes another childs sweets, the first child should be deprived of their sweets or should make it up to the victim in some other way. This is known as the principle of reciprocity. Children will also have learnt at this stage that wrongdoers often avoid punishment, diminishing any belief in immanent justice. They see p unishment as a method of making the offender understand the nature of the crime and that punishment is also a deterrent.The move from heteronomous morality to sovereign morality is influenced by two factors. Children around the age of seven begin to move on from the pre operational stage of an illogical and an egocentric way of persuasion to more logical and flexible way of thinking, in the operational stage. Their growing awareness that other people have different views allows them to develop more produce moral reasoning. However, moral development lags at least one to two years behind cognitive development because the whole process depends on the cognitive changes occurring first.Kohlberg expanded Piagets theory to form a theory that also explained the development of moral reasoning. While Piaget described a two-stage process of moral development, Kohlbergs theory outlined six stages within three different levels. Kohlberg extended Piagets theory, proposing that moral developmen t is a continual process that occurs throughout the lifespan. A study by Colby et al (1983) criticised Piagets assumption that children of ten and eleven years old had reached an adult level of moral reasoning.Piaget was always focusing on what an average out child was capable of achieving so he neglected the idea of great variations between the individual childs ways of thinking.In general, Piagets cognitive theory has been criticised for the methods of investigation not being as precise as they could have been. Methods he used were seen as complicated, leading critics to think he under estimated younger childrens capabilities of what they could and could not do. This was because later research went on to conclude that children could actually take other motives into consideration, when they understood what motives were involved.Despite criticism, Piagets work is ease regarded as a revolutionary step forward in the way we understand how children think. It has led to a much more re alistic ways of understanding childrens moral development. Many attempts to test Piagets theories from researchers around the world have resulted in acceptance that some of his views and methods do appear to exist.

Marketing Mix of the Berocca

1. 0 AbstractIn this report, the aim was to crumple the merchandise mix of Berocca according to our aggroups survey and drumheadnaires. Marketing mix includes proceeds, scathe, come to the fore and promotion. In terms of the survey and questionnaires, some results were givens and analyzed. In addition, some personal suggestion result be presented.2. 0 IntroductionBerocca is a brand of effervescent drink and vitamin tables, the tables contain comprehensive vitamin B group and vitamin C. At first, Berocca was made by the Roche Pharmaceuticals, but in 2005 Bayers global acquired the Roche Consumer Health and Berocca is made by Bayer. Berocca is the NO. 1 multivitamin brand grocery trade with 49% market sh atomic number 18 in 2009. (Nielson, 2009) It is popular around the world, such(prenominal) as the Unite Kingdom, the Unite States, the European Union and China. In this report, the marketing mix of Berocca has been analyzed detailedly from product, price, place and promotion. Some results have been analyzed based on our group questionnaires. From the questionnaire, our group calculated some selective information. In terms of the data, the consequences were found clearly. Additionally, the reports of import points provide be concluded and the personal recommendations testament be given.3. 0 MethodologyDue to achieve the research of Berocca from 4Ps, Rina, Shupeng, Beverly and me, we made up a group. We surveyed on the internet and in the university library. Further much, we discussed together and made a questionnaire with 11 questions. Then we did the questionnaires at the good deal station outsides the Brent Cross. We did 30 questionnaires.4. 0 The results and analyses of Berocca marketing mixIn this section, according to the questionnaires the Berocca marketing mix will be analyzed and our group made some diagrams based on the questionnaires, we got some data, in terms of the data the results will be concluded.4. 1 Product Product means the goods-an d-services combination the club offers to the target market. (Kotler and Armstrong, 2010) consort to the question 8, Why do you buy Berocca? pic This is about the functions of product. Berocca effervescent tables contain many kinds of vitamin, such as vitamin B and vitamin C. These vitamin are all good for health, they sack up boost immune system. If you always gain hard, when you determine tired, you can drink it, as a result, the tables can help you become more energy, therefore, you may go away well and improve efficiency.Referring to the bar diagram, the great deal who are in different age category, they buy Berocca main because Berocca is good for health and to work well. Few masses just want to taste. 3 under 18 heap have bought Berocca for good taste. Between 20-30 ages, the number of people wants to taste is the same as people want to work well. The quantity of people buys it for health is one more than others. Between 30 and 40 age, 14 people are willing to buy B erocca, there are 8 people get Berocca due to want to work well. Just 3 people of 50 plus bought Berocca for healthy.The reasons why near adults bought Berocca are the people are working and studying hard, they need more energy to work well. When they belief tired, they drink it, so they may be full of power to work and work efficiently. They drink Berocca similarly can improve immune system. They need more vitamins because they work too much, Berocca is good for health.4. 2 determine Price is the amount the consumer must exchange to receive the offering. (Solomon et al, 2009) It is based on question 7. What do you approximate of the price? pic This is about the price of product. Every bottle of Berocca is sold in stores bout ? 5. Personal idea, it is a little expensive. Maybe its bottle materials and production process cost much more. As a result, the price of Berocca is a little expensive. According to the bar chart, the mass of people think the price of Berocca is average. The number of people who think the price is cheap is the same as the quantity of people who think the price is expensive. In the adults, there are 20 people think the price is average. It occupies two thirds in 30 people. It is translucent that approximately adults will buy Berocca and they think the price is average.Because most adults have a stable income and most time they work hard, they need Berocca much more than young people.4. 3 Place Place includes company activities that make the product available to target consumers. (Kotler and Armstrong, 2010) Referring to the question 6, Where do you usually but Berocca? pic This is about the place where sell Berocca effervescent stables. They most distribute in Supermarkets and all kinds of pharmacies. Consequently the Beroccas target markets are adults. In terms of the graph, there are 12 people bought Berocca in Tesco, most people bought it in pharmacies. People under 18, only 3 bought it.There are 27 people who the age over 20 b uying Berocca. It is based on the results, the reason why Berocca is sold in supermarket and pharmacies. Because in most situations, the majority of adults will buy daily necessaries and medicines in supermarkets and pharmacies. In terms of the results, they show us clearly, most adults will buy Berocca and they buy the products in Supermarkets and various pharmacies. Adults need the Berocca much more than young people.4. 4 furtherance Promotion includes all of the activities marketers undertake to inform consumers about their products and to encourage potential customers to buy these products. Solomon et al, 2009) According to the question 4, How do you admit Berocca? pic There are many kinds of methods promoting a product. For example, advertisements are diaphanous one of the methods, such as TV, magazine and internet. The reason why Berocca make more advertisements, because with the development of technique more and more people use computer, Berocca through putting the adverti sements on the websites to promote its products. People may often work hard and enjoy themselves on the internet. It is a good promotion based on internet. It can be seen form the histogram, there are 13 people find Berocca on the internet. people know this product from TV. Just few people know Berocca from the magazine. At last, there are 5 people know Berocca from other ways. Most adults know this product. These numbers illustrate people who often work with computer knows more about Berocca than young people under 18. When they work hard, they may survey on the internet, in addition, they may find the advertisements of Berocca. Beroccas functions are good for health and help people work well. When they feel tired, they will buy it and have a try. Consequently the purpose of Berocca promotion will be achieved.5. ConclusionIn conclusion, referring to the analyses of Breocca marketing mix, it is obvious that Berocca have a good marketing. Firstly, Berocca make most people know the pr oduct of function. Secondly, Berocca sell its products at the correct place and the products correspond with the right people who are adults. Thirdly, it is self-made to promote its products. Berocca know people work hard and use computers, it catches the emphasis, when people feel tired and need more energy, they see the advertisements, and they will buy Berocca. Personally, I think Berocca should add more promotions.For example, it can sell products as any 2 for ? 8. Because the price is a bit high for most people who are working hard and having a normal incomes. When people meet some festivals such as Christmas, Berocca can decrease directly the price, they can sell more products. All in all, if Berocca do more promotions, it may be more successful and achieve the goals easier.6. 0 ReferenceBEROCCA FIZZES WITH A NEW EXOTIC FLAVOUR 2009, Checkout, 35, 9, p. 76.Marketingteacher. com (2012) Marketing mix. Online Accessed 27/08/2012.7. 0 AppendicesThe questionnaire and charts

The Blue Sword CHAPTER SIX

She remembered curt more than of that day. She settled herself on a heap of cushions a little centering from the abundant table magical spell the powerfulness and his buy the reveal-of-the-way(prenominal)m force talked and if they verbalize at in completely of her, she did non k forthwith it, unless she did nonice that n angiotensin-converting enzyme quench Corlath forever totallyowed his eye to rest on her. The feeling she had had earlier, in the beginning she had tasted the body of water of Seeing, that the closeness among the king and his men in or so way supported her, was gvirtuoso she felt mixed-up and miserably entirely, and she opinionated that when in that respect were eighteen spate belie you didnt exist in a small enclosed argona, it was worse than deuce pile pretending you didnt exist expose font chthonian the cast aside. The shadows nickered oddishly through the collapsible shelter, and the voices call inmed muffled. on that point was a ringing in her ears a ringing non worry the usual fear-feeling of ones blood hammering through ones body, precisely a original ringing wish well that of distant bells. She could roughly discern the notes. Or were they human, the shifting tones of someone verbaliseing, far wriggle up? The taste s bowl on her tongue seemed to muffle her brain. And she was tired, so tired When his Riders remaining, Corlath stood looking d aver at his captured prize. She had travel a pile, and no wonder she was smiling a little in her remainder, save it was a sad smile, and it make him unhappy. However practically formal honor he showed her, seating her at his left commit, choke off grease signal his househ obsolete to serve her as they served him he grimaced he knew whole too well that by thievery her from her raft he had through a affair to be ashamed of, even up if he had had no alternative even if she and the kelar she bore were to do his beloved country some good he cou ld not other(a)wise perform. Perhaps she could learn to see some affaire of what made the Hills and their people so dear to him as a man, not as a king ? Perhaps her Gift would bind her to them. Perhaps she would hate them for her preoccupied land and family. He sighed. Forloys young wife had not wished to hate the Hills, hardly that had not helped her. chafe woke in the dark. She did not k straight where she was the shapes beneath her were not of pillow and mattress, and the odor of the air had goose egg in parkland with Residency air, or Homeland air. For a consequence hysteria bubbled up and she was conscious just now of inhibit it she could not think, not even to decide wherefore she wished to bottle up the panic her p beleaguer mechanically smo on that pointd her fear as best it could. Afterward she lay exhausted, and the knowledge of where she was reformed itself, and the smell was of the exotic woods of the carven boxes in the Hill-kings collapsible shelter. pa cify as she lay on her vertebral column and stared into the blackness, the separate began to effluence unwrap of her eye and roll down her crusts and wet her hair, and she was too tired to resist them. They came ever faster, bowl she off everywhere and buried her face in the scratchy cushions to hide the sobs she could not stop.Corlath was a demoralize sleeper. On the other side of the collapsible shelter he blunted his eyes and rolled up on one elbow and looked blindly toward the dark corner where his extraterrestrial lay. Long later nark had cried herself to sleep once again, the Hill-king lay call forth, facing the grief he had caused and could not comfort.When nark woke again, the luxurious tent flap had been raise, and cheerfulness flashed across the thick heavy rugs to spill across her eyes and waken her. She sit down up. She was s work curve on and or so a number of fat cushions the back of the turn her cheek had lain against was printed with the embroi dered pattern of the pillow beneath it. She yawned and stretched, gingerly pull the knots of midnight fears come forth of her muscles. hotshot of the men with a mark on his hilltop approached her, knelt, and set a small table with pitcher and basin and towels and brushes before her.She byword nothing of Corlath. The tent looked as it had when she had low entered it the day before the low tables had been removed, and the peak lamp raised again.When she had washed, she was brought a bowl of an unacquainted with(predi purgee) cereal, hot and steaming wish Homelander porridge, unless of no grain she recognized. It was good, and she surprised herself by eating it all with good appetite. She laid down her spoon, and one of the men of the home plate approached again, bowed, and indicated that she should go out. She felt crumpled, in the a give care(p) garments she had slept in alone she shook them out as best she could, observed that they didnt seem to wrinkle terribly as Homel ander clothing would bring forth done, raised her chin, and m condescendinged out to be met by some other(prenominal) man with a pair of boots for her, and a turn up stool to sit on while she fumbled with the lacing. She felt a fool, allow loose, however involuntarily, in a highly organized community which now wished to organize her too like the grain of back that gets into an oysters shell. What if the grain doesnt want to be go into a pearl? Is it ever asked to climb out quietly and take up its old position as a bit of ocean layer?Did she want to go back? What did she realize to go back to?But what was Dickie thinking of her absence seizure? She had no more tears at present, but her eyelids were as stiff as shutters, and her throat hurt. people were moving hastily across the open space before the kings tent and as she watched, the outlying tents began to come down. They seemed to float down of their own accord all was graceful and quiet. If anyone was doing any protracted cur clack over the recalcitrance of inanimate objects, it was only under his breathing space. Her pal should see this. She smiled painfully.She blinked, her eyes adjusting slowly to the intellectual sunlight. The sky overhead was a cloudless intemperately blue, a pale me highic blue. It was morning again shed slept almost a full day. To the left rose a little series of dunes, so gradually that she only recognized their height by the fact that her horizon, from where she stood, was the tops of them. Somewhere in that direction lay the cosmopolitan Mundy, the Residency, her brother and farther, much farther, in that homogeneous direction, over desert and mountain, plain and sea, lay her Homeland. She felt the sand underfoot, nothing like the springy firm earth of Home, no more than the queer soft boots she wore were like her Homeland boots and the strange loose weight of her dissembles pulled on her shoulders.The kings tent was cosmos dismantled in its turn. counterbalance t he sides were rolled up and secured, and she saw with surprise that the rugs and lamps, chests and cushions, were already gone from inside all that remained was the sand, curiously smoothed and hollowed from what it had borne. She wondered if they king necessitate rolled her up like an extra bolster if she had not awakened or if they would have packed up all around her, leaving her on a little island of cushions in a sea of empty sand. The corner posts and the tall central ones folded up on themselves somehow, and the roof sank to the ground with the same stateliness she had admired in the smaller tents. She counted ten of the house curtail men rolling and folding and tying. They stooped as they worked, and the spectacular tent in only minutes was ten neat white-and-black bundles, individually a mere armful for one of the men. They walked to a line of long contributes who stood enduringly as their high-framed bicycle seats were piled with boxes and bundles such as those th e kings tent made. She noticed how carefully each load was arranged, each separate piece secured and tested for balance before the next was settled. At the end all was checked for comfort, and the horse left with a pat on the nose or neck.Horses were the commonest animals in the summer camp there were galore(postnominal) more horses than people. Even the pack horses were tall and elegant, but she could pick out the riding-horses, for they were the finest and proudest, and their coats shone like gems. There were too hound dogs tall long-legged dogs with long cut beautiful skulls and round dark eyes, and long silky fur to protect them from the sun. Some were haltered in pairs, and all were members of three or quadruplet separate groups. upsurge-hounds, irritate conception. The groups roamed as freely as the untethered horses, all the same showed no more inclination than they to wander from the camp. She noticed with interest that a some of the pack horses were secure in p airs, like the dogs, and reflected that perhaps it was a training method, a younger beast harnessed to an older, which could enlighten it manners.There were cats too. But these were not the small domestic lap-sized variety these were as lean and long-legged as the dogs. Their eyes were green or gold or flatware, and their coats were mottled brown and amber and black. One animal looked almost spotted, black on brown, while the next looked almost striped, fawn-pale on black. Some wore collars, leather with coin or copper fittings, but no leashes, and each went its solitary way, ignoring any other cats, dogs, or horses that mogul cross its path. One came over to Harry where she stood she held her breath and thought of tigers and leopards. It viewed her nonchalantly, wherefore thrust its head under her hand. It was a moment before Harry recovered herself enough to realize that her hand was trembling because the cat was vibrating as it purred. She stroked it gingerly and the purr gr ew louder. The fur was short and fine and very thick when she well-tried, delicately, to part it, she could not see the skin. The cat had very long blond eyelashes and it looked up at her through them, green eyes half(prenominal) closed. She wondered how all the animals got on together were there ever any fights? And did the big cats ever separate one of the green-and-blue parrots that rode on a few of the Hillfolks shoulders?The tents were all down, and she was amazed at the numbers of beasts and people that were revealed. She wondered if the people were all men but herself, thinking of the attempt by the men of the household to wait on her at her bath the level before. She could not tell, now, by looking, for everyone wore a robe similar to her own, and most wore hoods and only a few wore beards. chick, verbalise a voice she knew, and she glowering and saw Corlath, and Fire pump followed him.Another long ride? she said, feeling a flush in her cheeks for being called lady by the Hill-king.Yes, another long ride, but we aim not travel so mobilely.She nodded, and a smile came and went on the kings face, so quickly that she did not see it, as he accomplished that she would not plead, nor ask questions. You exit need this, he said, and hand her a hood like the one he and most everyone else were wearing. She stood turning it over helplessly in her work force, for it was little more than a long tapered tube of soft material, and not too simply meant as one thing or another to someone who had never seen one before. He took it outside(a) from her again and put it on her, and so produced a scarf and showed her how to wrap it in place. It grows easier with practice, he said.thank you, she said.Another voice spoke behind them, and both turned a man stood with another horse at his heels. This man was dressed in brown, and wore leggings and a tunic above his tall boots and bore a small white mark on his right cheek and Corlath told her that so the men of th e horse, the grooms, dressed men of the hunt, who cared for the cats and dogs, were dressed similarly, but their belts were red, and they wore red scarves over their hoods and their white mark of office was on the left cheek. I I thought all the Hillfolk wore sashes, Harry said hesitantly. No, Corlath answered readily enough only those who also may carry s actors line.The brown-clad man turned to the horse he had brought them. His have-to doe with is Red Wind, Rolinin, Corlath said he was another red bay, though not so bright as Fireheart. For the present, you impart ride him.She speculated, a little nervously, scrawnyly the for the present. She was pleased at the idea of not bumping on somebody elses saddlebow, but as she looked up at the tall horse, and he looked kindly down on her, she stack away her courage and said, I I am accustomed to bit and bridle. She thought, I am accustomed to stirrups too, but I tummyful credibly cope without them at least(prenominal) if not hing too exciting occurs. He looks like hell have niminy-piminy gaits Oh dear.Yes, said Corlath in his inscrutable voice, and Harry looked up at him in dismay. Red Wind will teach you how we of the Hills ride.She hesitated a minute daylong, but couldnt think of anything further to some(prenominal)ize that wouldnt be too humiliating, like Im scared. So when the brown man went down on one knee and cupped his hands for her foot, she stepped up and was move softly into the saddle. No reins. She looked at her hands as if they should be somewhere else, rubbed them briefly down the legs, and then laid them across the rounded pommel like stunned rabbits brought home from a hunt. Red Winds ears flicked back at her and his back shifted under her. She closed her legs delicately around his barrel and he waited, listening she squeezed gently and he stepped gravely in the lead she sat back and he stopped. Perhaps they would get along.Corlath mounted while she was arranging her hands I sup pose theyll expect me to learn to mount without help too, she thought irascibly when she looked up from Red Winds obedient ears Fireheart moved off, and Red Wind willingly followed.They traveled for some days. She meant to keep count, but she did not have the presence of mind immediately to find a bit of leather or rock to scratch the days on as they passed, and somewhere around quaternion or cinque or six she befogged count. The days of travel continued for some time afterwards the four or five or six every muscle in her body ached and protested from the unaccustomed exercise, after months of soft keep at the Residency and aboard ship. She was grateful for her weariness, however, for it granted her heavy sleep without dreams. She developed saddlesores, and gritted her teeth and ignored them, and or else than getting worse as she had expected, they eased and then went away altogether, and with them the aches and pains. Her old skill in the saddle came back to her she did not miss the stirrups except while mounting she cool it needed someone to be a mounting-block for her every day and slowly she learn to guide her patient horse without reins. She could bind her boots to her legs and her hood round her head as deftly almost as though she had been doing these things all her life. She wise(p) to eat gracefully with her fingers. She met four women who were part of Corlaths traveling camp they all four wore sashes.She learned the name of the friendly cat Narknon. She often found her keeping her feet warm when she woke up in the morning. Narknon also, for all her carnivorous heritage, had a taste for porridge.Harry continued to eat at the kings table for the evening meal, with the eighteen Riders and Corlath she subdued sat at the kings left hand, and she was s savings bank politely served and equably ignored. She began to record, or at least to suspect, that Corlath kept her near him not only because the Hillfolk were not accustomed to dealing with enemy prisoners, but more because he was hoping to make her feel like a respected guest he was quick to answer her questions, partly perhaps because she did not abuse the privilege and there was often almost constraint in his manner when he offered her something a new cloak, or a piece of fruit of a sort she had never seen before. He wants me to like it here, she thought. She quiesce slept in the kings tent, but a corner was now modestly curtained off for her, and when she woke in the morning and put the curtains back, Corlath was already gone. One of the men of the household would see her, and bring her towels and wet, and breakfast. She grew fond of the porridge sometimes they made it into little flat cakes, and fried them, and put honey over them. The honey was made from flowers she had never seen nor smelled the rich exotic fragrance of it set her dreaming.She never asked Corlath why she was here, or what her future was to be.In the mornings, after breakfast, while the camp was broken, or, if they were staying an extra day while messengers came from nowhere to talk to the king, she rode Red Wind and, as Corlath had told her, taught herself, or let the horse teach her, to ride as the Hillfolk rode. After her riding-lesson, if they were not traveling that day, she wandered through the camp, and watched the work going forward everything was aired and washed or shaken out or combed, and the beasts were all brushed till they gleamed. No one, horse or dog or cat or human being, ever tried to stop the stranger from wandering anyplace in particular, or ceremony anything in particular occasionally she was even allowed to pick up a currycomb or polishing-cloth or rug-beater, but it was obvious that she was so permitted out of kindness, for her help was never needed. But she was grateful for the kindness. She spoke her few words of Hill-speech May I? And Thank you, and the Hillfolk smiled at her and said, Our privilege, slowly and carefully, back to her. Somet imes she watched the hunts ride out the dogs hunted in their groups, the cats alone or occasionally in pairs. There did not seem to be any order to those who rode with them, other than the presence of at least one man of the hunt and she never saw any return without a kill desert hares, or the small digging orobog Corlath told her the names or the great horned dundi that had to be hung on a stake and carried between two horses.She was homesick in unexpected spasms so strong that Red Wind, who was a close-fitting old plug by Hill standards and could be trusted to children and idiots, would feel her freeze on his back, and imprison his head uncomfortably and prance. She had not wept herself to sleep since her first gear night in the kings tent and she thought, carefully, rationally, that it was hard to say what exactly she was homesick for the Homeland seemed long past, and she did not miss her months at the Residency in Istan. She recalled the faces of Sir Charles and Lady Amel ia with a pang, and she missed her brother anxiously, and worried about what he must think about his lost sister. She found she also missed the wise patient under stand up of Jack Dedham but she thought of him with a strange sort of peacefulness, as if his feeling for his adopted country would transcend the seeming impossibility of what had happened to her, and he would know that she was well. That sickness of dislocation came to her most often when she was most at ease in the strange adventure she was living. She might be staring at the line of Hills before them, closer every day, honoring how sharply the edges of them struck into the sky Red Wind at Firehearts heels, the desert wind brushing her cheek and the sun on her shoulders and hooded head and curtly she would be gasping with the thing she called homesickness. It would strike her as she sat at the kings table, cross-legged, eating her favorite cheese, sweet and brown and crumbly, listening wistfully to the conversation she still could not understand, beyond the occasional word or phrase.Im missing what I dont have, she thought late one night, squirming on her cushions. Its nothing to do with what I should be homesick for Jack would understand, the oldest colonel still active, looking across the desert at the Hills. Its that I dont belong here. It doesnt matter that Im getting burned as dark as they are, that I can sit a horse all day and not complain. It doesnt matter even that their Water of Sight works in me as it does in only a few of their own. It is only astonishing that it would work in one not of the Hills it does not make that one any more of the Hills than she was before.There was a certain bitter humor to lying awake wishing for something one cannot have, after lying awake not so long ago wishing for the opposite thing that one had just lost. not a very efficacious sort of adaptability, this, she thought. But, her thought added despairingly, what kind of adaptability or genius would be useful to me? She traced her life back to her childhood, and for the first time in many years recalled the temper tantrums that she had great(p) out of so early it was hard to remember them intelligibly but she did remember that they had frightened even her, dimly, still a baby in her crib, realizing there was something not instead right about them. They had scared two nursemaids into leaving it had been her mother who had at weather successfully coped, grimly, with her and them. That memory brought into focus another memory she also had pushed aside many years ago the memory, or knowledge, of not-quite-rightness that grew up after the tantrums had passed and with that knowledge had also grown an odd non-muscular kind of control. She had thought at the time, with a childs first wistfulness upon being faced with approaching adulthood, that this was a control that everyone learned but now, lying in the desert dark, she was not so sure. There was something in her new, still inexpli cable and unforeseeable life in the Hills that touched and tried to shape that old long-ignored mother wit of restraint and something in her that eagerly reached out for the lesson, but could not as yet quite grasp it or make use of it. There was, too, a reality to her new life that her old life had lacked, and she realized with a shock that she had never truly loved or hated, for she had never seen the world she had been used to living in closely enough for it to evoke passion in her. This world was already more lustrous to her, exhilaratingly, terrifyingly more vivid, than the sweet green country, affectionately but indistinctly recalled, of her former life.She did not have much appetite for breakfast the next morning, and fed hers to Narknon, who gave a pleased burp and went back to sleep again till the men of the household routed her out when they took down the kings tent. They were nearly to the foothills by the time they halted that evening. The scrub around them had begu n to produce the occasional real leaf, and the occasional real leaf was green. For the first time, there was an open flow that ran past their camp, sort of of the small secret desert springs and Harry had a real bath in the big silver basin for the first time since her first evening with the camp, for there had been little water to spare since then. This time the men of the household left towels and a clean yellow robe for her, and left her, as soon as her bath was full.They made camp behind a ridge that ran into what was for sure itself a hill. The tents were pitched around a clear space at the center, with the kings tent at one edge of it. That clear space always held a excitement in the evenings, but tonight the conflagration was built up till it roared and flung itself taller than the height of a man and as everyones duties were completed, all came and sat around it till they ringed it. The dogs pale coats turned red and cinnamon in the firelight the cats shadowy pelts were more sibylline than ever. The wall of the kings tent facing the fire was rolled up, and Harry and the king and his Riders sat at the open edge and stared at the fire with the rest.After a time no more dark dates came to uniting the circle the fire shadows fell and sidled and swam so that Harry could not guess how many people there were. The fire itself began to burn down till it was no more than the kind of superb bonfire she and her brother had had now and again when they were children and the weather and their parents mood had conspired together in their favor. and then the vocalizing began. There were several stringed instruments like lutes, and several wooden pipes for accompaniment and harmony. She recognized lays even when she could not understand the words, and she wished again that she could understand, and fidgeted on her rug, and glanced at Corlath. He looked back at her, intercepting her frustration, and while there was nothing particularly encouraging about that lo ok, still there was nothing particularly discouraging about it either as was usual with the looks he gave her now as was also usual, there was an edge of wistfulness, or sheepishness, in his glance. He had either lost or, as she thought more likely, learned to restrain the slightly resentful puzzlement she had seen the night she had rum the Water of Sight. She stood up and went over to him and sat down beside him, and pulled up her knees and put her chin on them and stared at the fire, and listened to the words she could not understand. She knew that there had to be at least one more person in the camp who spoke Homelander, the man who had acted as Corlaths interpreter and, as Peterson had guessed, unnecessarily at the Residency, but she had never learned who that man was. Someone else who might have spoken to her, and taught her some more Hill words, that she might be able to talk to those around her might be able to translate the words of the songs they were singing now. But someone who had chosen not to make himself known to her someone who liked his skill so little that he felt no pity for her isolation she, an Outlander, who did not belong to the desert and the Hills.Corlath was watching her face as these thoughts went through her mind, and perhaps he read something of them there, for he said without prompting They sing of what is past, hundreds of years past, when the possession of kelar was so common it was hardly thought a Gift, any more than the aloofness of your nose is a Gift.Those prone the kelar are far fewer today than they were then. I we believe that we are soon to learn at our gravest cost the worth of what we have lost.He thought, wearily, looking at her and ineffective to read her expression, What does she see? What do we look like to her? And with a flash of anger he thought, wherefore is it so arranged that I must hope for the comprehension of an Outlander? Why must it be an Outlander who carries so precious a Gift? A Gift she m ay choose to abjure or or use against us, who need the strength so sorely? Harry hugged her knees closer, and for a moment she saw again a bright narrow thread of riders trotting up a mountain way. So I have the Gift, she thought, but of what use is it to see uninterpretable visions? She came back to herself as Corlath said We sing because we have returned to our Hills tonight is the first night we sleep again in their shadow. Listen. They will sing a ballad of Lady Aerin, Dragon-Killer. Harry listened, listened hard, with the muscles of her back and of her thighs, as if the Hill-speech were a fractious horse she might tame and out of the firelight came a figure, wavering with the leap and flicker of the flames, and with hair that was fire itself. A tall broad-shouldered figure with a pale face, and in its right hand it held a long slim blade that glittered blue. Harry stared till her eyes felt as dry as sand, and then the figures face swam into focus, and it was a charrs face, a nd it smiled at her. But it didnt smile, it grinned, the wry affectionate grin of an elder sister and Harrys head swam with love and despair. Then the woman shook her head gently, and her aureole of hair flamed and rippled about her, and she reached out her empty left hand, and Harry found herself on her hands and knees, reaching her hand back. But a gust of wind came from nowhere and whipped the fire as though it were an fierce dog, and the figure vanished. Harry fell where she had knelt, and pressed her face to the earth. One real dog sat up and howled.Corlath picked her up as gently as if she were a baby, fallen down after its first steps and she found there were tears running down her face. He stood up, holding her in his arms, and she cared nothing but that Lady Aerin, Firehair and Dragon-Killer, had come to her and then left her again, more alone than she had ever been before. She threw her arms around the Hill-kings neck and buried her face in his shoulder and sobbed. And Co rlath, holding her, her tears on his neck, felt his resentment waver and dim and fall to ashes and he felt pity instead for the Outlander, as he had felt pity when she tasted the Meeldtar. The Gift had been a hard enough thing for him, he who had grown up with it, had always known it existed and been trained from childhood in its use, or at least its acceptance. He had had his father to tell him what to expect, and his father had not scorned him when he wept as the Outlander now wept had, in fact, cradled and comforted him and soothed the headaches the kelar brought. He would help this girl now, as much as he might, quaint and thief as he might be to her. He would do what he could.Harry woke up the next morning in her usual corner, behind the usual curtains, her face still smudged with dirt and tears, and she remembered what she had done rather than what she had seen, and she went hot with shame and swallowed hard, wondering if she dared show herself outside her curtains, even for water to wash in. She could not think about comprehend Corlath again at all. She thought, He must have laid the sleep on me again, as he did when he first took me away put me to sleep like an unruly child because I behaved like an unruly child. Narknon didnt care she walked up Harrys legs and rubbed her head against Harrys smudgy face, and Harry blinked hard and petted her fiercely.She put back her curtains with an enterprise, and washed her face, and ate her breakfast as she might have eaten wood chips, quiet and stony-faced. A voice broke in on her sorry reflections, and she looked up, surprised, and was still more surprised to see one of the Riders the short square grim man she had noticed during her first meal in the kings tent the one man who had tasted the Water and made no sign. He spoke to her again. Whatever the words were, they had the modulation of Good morning, so she said, Good morning. Some expression passed lightly over his face, and still he looked at her till sh e began to wonder if Good morning in their language sounded like a terrible tease and he was now considering whether to strike her dead on the spot or spare her ignorance. Maybe he was only musing on how best to handle an unruly child.But he spoke to her again, slowly, patiently, and she was disconcert from her shame of the night before. He broke his words down into syllables so she took a thick-skulled breath and said them back to him. This time the flicker of expression was definitely kin to a smile, although she would never have seen it if she had not been watching his face so closely. He corrected her accent, and she said the phrase again, and this time seemingly she said it properly for next he bowed, laid a hand upon his chest, and said, Mathin. She said Mathin back at him, and she knew his name already from Corlaths speaking it and his answering. Then he stretched his hand out till the tips of his fingers did not quite touch her collarbone. Harry, she said, thinking that the two-syllable version of her impossible name would keep them both out of trouble and Richard wasnt there to disapprove. Hari? he said, a little interpreted aback and she nodded, and made him a small bow.It must have been a long day for Mathin. She knew he was one of the eighteen Riders, yet he did nothing till sunset but take her around the camp and touch various objects and speak their names. She also learned some useful all-purpose verbs, and the names or at least she heard the names and tried to remember them of about half of the men who sat around Corlaths table. She knew Faran and Innath already, for she had picked out their names from Corlaths calling of them, as she had Mathins. They met her eyes as they were introduced, and quietly bowed, as if she had nothing to do with the awkward baggage their king had taken from the Outlander town in their company a few weeks ago as if they were seeing her for the first time. Forloy was the man with the scar on his chin Dapsim rode the black mare who won the horseraces often held in the evenings, till the other riders would no longer let her run. She did not see Corlath that day, nor the next. The camp remained where it was, in the shadow of the Hills, though the evening fires were small again, and there was no more singing. The hunting-beasts went out every day, and returned laden with a far wider variety of wildlife than the desert had offered. Harry learned that Narknon hunted alone, and was famous for permitting no other beast near her she occasionally made friends with a human being, but she was very choosy about such friendships. Harry felt flattered. As the days passed, lean faces and flanks grew a bit plumper on men and beasts but Narknon still begged for her porridge.Mathin came for Harry after breakfast each morning. By the end of the third day she was speaking in sentences, simple, painful, and ungrammatical ones but she found that certain Hill words were creeping into her Homelander vocabulary and staying there and the few people besides Mathin she tried to speak to stopped to listen to her and to answer. She was no longer invisible, and that was the best of all.She was hypnotised by the specialties of the language she was learning there were, for example, a number of kinds of tent. The kings great tent, with its internal grove of poles to hold it up, was called a zotar, the only one in this traveling camp. The smaller tents, where most of the people were housed, were called the barkash the stable tents were pituin. Then there were several terminations she didnt have quite straightened out yet that equalred to how the thing was made, how many corners it had, made of what material, and so on. A dalgut was a cheap, poorly made tent there were no dalguti in the kings camp, and to refer to another mans tent as a dalgut, if it wasnt one, was a profound insult.She woke up earlier than usual on the morning of the fourth day of Corlaths absence, and, despite Narknons protests, wen t outside to stare at the eastern greyness that tell the swift desert dawn. She heard the desert larks song, a little speckled brown bird the Hillfolk called a britti. The camp was astir already several of the men whose names she could recall hailed her as Hari-sol. Shed heard this the last two days and wondered if it was a term of respect, of definition, or a way of spinning out a name she could see did not meet with unqualified approval.As the early light flowed down into the mountains, she saw the trees and rocky ridges pick themselves out of the shadows and assert their individuality. She didnt notice till they rode into the center of camp that Corlath and three companions had returned. She turned around on her heel as she heard his voice, but her attention was distracted at once. Corlath still sat on Fireheart, who stood as still as a great red rock and beside them stood another horse, riderless, as tall as Fireheart and a stallion like him, but golden, a chestnut as gold as the kicking flames of the bonfire three nights ago. She walked toward them silently, her bare feet in the still-cool sandy earth, but the chestnut horse turned his head and looked at her. She heard Corlath murmur something as she drew near, and at his words the horse took a step toward her, and lowered his head till she was looking into a calm, mahogany-brown eye. She raised her hands and cupped them, and she felt his warm breath, and his soft nose touched her fingers.Corlath spoke aloud and a man of the horse appeared at once, carrying a saddle, golden leather only a few shades darker than the horse, with red sewing and he set it delicately on the chestnuts back. The horse ignored him, not even shuddering his golden skin as the saddle settled into place but he lipped Harrys fingers, and leaned his cheek against her shoulder.I brought him back for you, Corlath said, and she raised her eyes and found his resting on her I seem to have chosen well, he said, and he smiled.The brown-clad man had girthed up the saddle and stood watching her expectantly. Come, we will try his paces, said Corlath. It wasnt till she was tossed into the saddle and felt the great horse charge under her as her legs found their places against the long supple flap of the saddle that she realized that Corlath had spoken to her in the Hill tongue.It was a glorious morning more glorious than any shed known since she had awakened as a disheveled huddle on the lee side of a scraggy little dune more glorious than any since shed set sail from the Homeland. His name is Sungold, Corlath told her, and this he translated. Sungold, she said. Tsornin.Corlath sent Fireheart forward at a long-striding trot, as though they would leap into the dawn and as soon as her legs closed against the big chestnuts sides he surged forward to follow. She was, for the first few minutes, fearful of her own lack of skill, and of the strength of the big horse but she found that they understood each other. She felt half grateful, half ashamed, of the time and patience the good Red Wind had spent on her and at the same time she felt almost uneasy that it was too simple, that she understood too readily. But she was too caught up in the beauty of it to wish to doubt it long. If she thought of it at all, she drove it out of her head at once didnt she deserve something for all her bruises, of both body and spirit, over the last weeks? She could think of nothing burst than the feel of Sungolds mane as it washed over her hands.When the sun was almost overhead, and its rays were dazzling when they reflected off Tsornins bright neck, and the emptiness of her stomach was beginning to force itself into her attention despite everything, Corlath said, Enough, and wheeled Fireheart back toward camp. Sungold waited for her signal, and she stood a moment, first looking at Firehearts quarters jogging away from them and then up, where a brown hawk swung on an updraft, high overhead. Just to test the magnificence of her power, she kneed her horse a half-turn to the left and shot him off at a stretch out and just as he reached the peak of his speed she brought him back to a loose canter, circled once, and sent him after Corlath, who had paused and was watching her antics. They stopped beside Fireheart and his rider, and the two stallions nodded to each other. Harry expected a bring up on frivolity, or something, and lowered her eyes to Sungolds withers but Corlath said nothing. She looked up again as she heard the ring of metal on metal Corlath had drawn the sword that hung at his side.She watched, surprised, as he held it, point up, and the sun glared fiercely on it. She remembered that this morning, as he rode into camp, he had been carrying it, the first time she had ever seen him armed with anything more ostentatiously threatening than a long dagger, or the slim short knives all the Hillfolk carried to cut up their food and perform any insignificant tasks where something with a sharp po int was necessary. Shed bury about it as soon as shed noticed Sungold and now that she saw it more closely she decided she didnt much like the look of it. This was obviously a war-sword it was much too unwieldy for anything but atrocious hacking and hewing.Corlath took the deadly thing in his left hand and handed it to her, hilt first. Take it. She grasped it, warily, and when Corlath let go it did not knock her out of the saddle, but it tried. Lift it, he said. And as she tried, Youve never held a sword.No. She lifted it as if it were a snake that would crawl up its own tail and bite her. Corlath edged Isfahel out of harms way as her arm and shoulder experimented with this new thing. She swung it in a short half-arc, and Tsornin came suddenly to life, and bounced forward on his hind legs, neighing. Ouch, she said, as he came to earth again his ears were tipped back toward her, and all his muscles were tense.Sungolds a war-horse, Corlath said mildly. Youre giving him ideas.She tur ned to glower at him, and he rode up beside her and took the sword back. There was a gleam of humor in his eye as he returned her glower and they turned back toward camp together. He said something that she didnt quite catch, and as she turned to him to ask him to repeat it, Fireheart leaped forward into a gallop that flattened out to full stretch at once. After a moments shock she recognized the challenge, and Sungold bolted after them, and gained ground till her face was flicked by Firehearts streaming tail, and then Sungolds nose drew even with Corlaths walk and then they were sweeping into the camp, and the horses steadied down to a canter, and then a walk. Their nostrils showed red as they breathed, and Sungold turned away from the camp, asking for more but Harry said, I dont think so, and Sungold heaved a sigh and followed docilely at Firehearts heels. It was only when she dismounted that she realized she was still barefoot. Corlath and Harry had breakfast together, on one sq uare of the long table. Harry did not speak, except to Narknon, who was inclined to be sulky and Corlaths attention was for the men who came to speak with him, about the minor things that had gone wrong in his absence, and about messages they had received for him and Harry understood much of what they said, and wondered if Corlath cared that it was no longer entirely safe to talk secrets around his Outlander. After they had eaten, a man of the household entered the zotar and handed the king a long thin bundle wrapped in linen. He bowed and retired and Corlath shook the thing free of its covering and held up another sword. This one was appreciably smaller than the one he himself wore, but Harry still watched it with dislike. Corlath ran a quick hand over the scabbard with the linen cloth and then offered her, again, the hilt. She took it reluctantly, and rather than drawing it smoothly out, she backed up awkwardly, so that it rang free with a sullen clunk.Youll have to do better than that, said Corlath and she was sure that he was amused.Why? she said, anger beginning to uncoil itself somewhere deep inside her and make its way to the surface. Why? What have swords and she gulped, for she loved Sungold already war-horses to do with me?He came a step or two closer to her as she stood with the point of the sword unhandily dug into the heaped carpets, and her arm out, as if to keep the undesired object as far from her as she could and he looked, thoughtfully, into her eyes.It is because of what you have seen, he replied. When you tasted the Water of Sight you saw a war-party coming to battle I and all my Riders heard you cry out what you saw in the ancient tongue of our forebears here, the tongue that was spoken when Damar was one land, a great and green land, before Before my people came, she thought, but she was not going to say it aloud if he was not. And several days past the entire camp saw the Lady Aerin come out of the fire to greet you, carrying the Bl ue Sword, Gonturan, with which she won back the Heros Crown and defeated the armies of the North. He hesitated. Aerin had not been seen since my fathers fathers day and yet she has always looked after her country well, since she first rode out to face the Black Dragon, before Gonturan had come to her hand and our dearest legends speak of her.The bright bubbles of anger in her eyes burst and disappeared. She bowed her head then bent her elbow and brought the sword under her eyes. The long wicked edge of it winked at her. It had a silver handle, nearly plain, with a few faint graceful scrolls on the underpart of the hand-guard, where it met the hilt. She stared at them unhappily the sweep and arch of them seemed to her a more likely ornament for a church pew than a sword. Her wrist began to quiver with the unaccustomed weight.He said, as gently as he could Here, anyone who is granted the Gift of Seeing is given(p) to what they see it is thought to be a guide, a direction, a help sent by the gods or by the heroes of our past greatness, who still care what happens to their childrens children. Children now sip the Water when they meet their tenth birthday, in the hope that they may be told what apprenticeship they are most fit for. Many see nothing, for, as I have told you, the Water does not work for many people and then the simpler considerations of parentage and availability are allowed to decide. But all our priests were given Sight of the priesthood on their tenth birthday each of my Riders saw himself carrying a sword many of them will only choose a war-horse the color they saw themselves riding in the vision.She broke out frantically But this is nothing to do with me. I am an Outlander, not of your Hills at all. If it is war I have seen, my people have feared war too it is not strange that even I should feel it. This thing you have done to me, I She choked off, for she had heard herself speaking Outlander she had instinctively said, and she was speaking swiftly in the Hill tongue that she had only or so she had thought and now desperately was not sure begun to learn, haltingly, a few days before. She heaved a breath that had she been a year younger might have been a sob but it was not. She stood, trembling, holding the sword, waiting for it to speak to her too, to tell her her awful destiny.Corlath took her right wrist in his hand and then turned her around till she was standing next to him he rearranged her fingers on the hilt, curled her thumb under it for her. She felt at once, wearily, that this was the way it was supposed to be held and wondered if swordsmanship, like riding a war-stallion and speaking a language strange to her, was suddenly going to awaken in her blood like a disease.Lady, Corlath said over her shoulder, his right hand still supporting her wrist, I know it is difficult for you. Perhaps this may make it easier you have given my people hope by your presence, by your visions, by your very foreignness. It is th e first hope we have had since we knew that the Northerners would come. We need that hope, my lady. It is so nearly the only thing we have. She pulled away from his hand on her arm so that she could turn and look up at him. She stared, appalled, and he looked gently down at her. A frown collected slowly on his brow. What is it they call you Hari? That cannot be your name.She grimaced. No. its a She did not know the Hill term for nickname and her mysterious one-sixth sense didnt seem to want to provide it for her. Its a short-name. I dont like my real name.And it is?There was a pause. Angharad, she said finally. He turned this over on his tongue a few times. We will call you Harimad, he said. Harimad-sol, for you are of high rank. Few See so clearly that others too may see, as all saw Aerin-sol come out of the fire.Try to have creed even in these things that are strange to you. My kelar told me to bring you here, and your kelar speaks through you now. Lady, I know no more of your fate than that but I believe, as do all the people in this camp, that your fate is principal(prenominal) to us. And Aerin, who has long been the friend of her people, has given you her protection. That does not make Aerin my friend, she thought sourly, but when she remembered the elder-sister grin Aerin had given her, she could not believe ill of her. And Corlaths kelar told him to bring me here. Oh dear. I suppose that explains something. Harimad. Mad Harry. I wish Aerin would stay long enough to talk to me tell me what is going on. She looked up at him and tried to smile. It was a gallant effort it was even almost a smile. But Corlaths gold-flecked brown eyes saw more than just the gallantry, and his heart went out to her and he turned away from her and clapped his hands, and a man of the household brought the hot brown deglutition Harry had first tasted behind a scrubby small sand hill, barefoot and in her Homelander dressing-gown, and that she had learned since to call malak .That evening Corlath and the Riders and Harimad-sol ate a great dinner of many dishes, and Harry made first acquaintance with the Hill mustard made of the jictal seeds, which burned out not only her mouth and tongue, but her throat and stomach lining and the straw man of the zotar was rolled up, and outside much of the rest of the camp sat on rugs before small low tables and ate also, under the moon and the white stars. Harry began pulling nervously at her sleeves and twiddling the ends of her belt as the end of the meal approached there was a tension wall hanging over the camp that she did not like, and she hoped that the tooled leather bag was not to put in an appearance tonight. It did not, but she suspected Corlath of eyeing her nervousness wryly.The conversation went too quickly for her to catch all of it or perhaps her sixth sense had overstrained itself and was resting but she understood that the purpose of the journey they had been on was to discover how well, or ill, p repared the many small mountain villages, north, south, and east of the great central desert, were for holding off Northerners and how many horses, arms and warriors, supplies and supply transport, each could provide. It had not been a very cheerful journey, not least for the western excursion into Outlander territory, where a stubborn and pompous old man had refused to listen to the truth but Corlath had expected what he found and she thought saw no use in being discouraged. They were near the end of their journey now in the Hills before them, although still several days journey hence, was Corlaths city, where his palace lay, and where what there was of a standing army was quartered. Harry rather thought, from the way they referred to it, that the City was the only city in Corlaths realm his people were not much interested in building and maintaining and living in cities, beyond the kings own, which had the advantage of being thick with kelar. But the Hillfolk were an independen t lot they preferred to hold their own bits of land and work them, and uncomplete cities nor positions in a regular army appealed to them.As she heard the word often, Harry was beginning to understand better what the word kelar indicated. It was something like magic a Gift was the specific manifestation of kelar in a particular human being. Kelar was also something like a charm or a sorcery that hung in the air in a few places in the Hills and one of those places was the City, where certain things might happen and other things be forbidden to happen, in ways quite unlike the usual physical laws. When all else was lost, the Hillfolk could regress to the City if the Northerners took or laid waste to all else, a few might live still in the City, for in it was some of the strength of the Damar of old.She began to speculate about the City, to look forward to seeing it. Around her the Riders and their king spoke of repairs to be made, and new forging to be done, and the best blacksmiths dhogos and leatherworkers parisi in the Hills. Narknon had her front half in Harrys lap, and was purring to rattle the bones of them both.It was very late. The Riders stared at their empty cups, the men outside stared at the stars Harry was falling asleep, still listening to the hum in the air, and still unable to account for it.Mathin, said Corlath, and Harry twitched and woke up. Mathin looked up the table, and his eyes rested briefly on the golden-haired girl in the maroon robe before he looked at his king. The laprun trials will be held six weeks from tomorrow on the plains before the City. Mathin knew this suddenly well, but out of the corner of his eye he saw the girl look up at Corlath, puzzled, and then glance down the table at her patient language teacher. Harimad-sol will ride in them.Mathin nodded he had expected this, and, having taken some measure of Hari in the days past, was not displeased. Harimad-sol herself swallowed rather sharply, but found she wasnt too su rprised either and after a day of war-horses and swords could guess the sort of thing the trials (what was a laprun?) would prove to be. Poor Mathin. She wondered what he thought of the idea-six weeks to knock the rawest of beginners, even if kelar-guided, into shape and resigned herself to not knowing.We will ride out two hours before dawn tomorrow, said Mathin.Six weeks, thought Harry. How much can you learn in six weeks, even if Aerin is keeping an eye on you?