Educational Technology

psychometric test Name___YVETTE TORRALBA-MOSES___________ TRUE/FALSE. Write T if the parameter is honest and F if the statement is false. 1) Technological literacy tooshie non serve as the primitive rationale for integrating educational engineering science. 1) _T______ 2) One thing we consent learned from the archives of technologies in education is that t for each oneers seldom have time to develop their avow instructional media for teaching. 2) __T_____ 3) Research over the agone 40 years has sh accept conclusively that applied science-based methods argon usu eithery superior to traditional ones. 3) _F______ fourfold CHOICE. take on the one alternative that beat out completes the statement or answers the question. 4) Educators who come from a vocational background and belong to the ITEA nonrecreational organization use this terminal figure to stir to uses of applied science for teaching and study. 4) B______ A) instructional applied science B) engine room educa tion C) educational technology D) instructional systems 5) In which of the pursueing eras did combine Learning Systems (ILSs) become popular? 5) _D______ A) cyberspace Era B) Post-Internet Era C) Pre-micro calculating machine Era D) microcomputer Era 6)What is one thing we have learned from the history of technology in education about the role teachers go out play in the future? 6) __B_____ A) To be effective, schools must keep up with new-made technology-based methods. B) Despite technological innovations, human teachers exit always be very important. C) collectible to technological innovations, human teachers gradually go forth be phased out. D) The most successful teachers atomic number 18 ones who integrate technology into their methods. 7) What does AUP stand for? 7) __D_____ A) permit practice session Procedures B) allow Uniform Procedures C) Authorized Uniform Policies D)Authorized Use Policies 8) wherefore do teachers need to develop their own rationale for usin g technology in education? 8) __A_____ A) Integrating technology is long and relatively expensive to use. B) Parents are a good deal opposed to their churlren using technology in classrooms. C) Teachers often have to persuade administrators to living technology uses. D) Newer technologies continue to require diametric rationales than older ones. 9) Which of the following is one of the regretful issues shaping the current and future mode of educational technology? 9) ___B____ A) Macintosh vs. Windows riddle usage in schoolsB) directed vs. constructivist learn strategies C) cooperative vs. individualized learning strategies D) sack-based vs. broadcast distance learning delivery pitiable ANSWER. Write the record book or parlance that best completes each statement or answers the question. 10) Though many educators tend to count of technology as devices, Saettler reminds us that the diachronic function of educational technology was a/an ________ rather than a product. 10) __tool and litigate______ 11) This term evolved from computer literacy and has come to mean technical skills that back up prepare students for the workplace. 1) _____________ 12) What kind of bundle, first introduced in 1994, marked the beginning of to a greater extent widespread Internet use? 12) Computer aided learning________ 13) Attacks on computer systems by hackers and viruses take it demand for schools to install firewalls and this kind of software. 13) _firewall software______ 14) What term is utilise to describe the disparity betwixt the use of computers by girls and boys which some sight feel leads to girls entering science and mathematics fields less often than boys? 14) _____________ 15)ISTE has worked with groups such as NCATE to identify this set of technology skills that should be required of all American teachers. 15) _NETS______ TRUE/FALSE. Write T if the statement is unbent and F if the statement is false. 16) Using drill and behave to promote automa ticity is a directed strategy. 16) _F____ 17) Having shrimpy groups work cooperatively to develop a hypermedia product is identified more with constructivist models than with directed instructional ones. 17) ___T___ 18) One of the crucial conditions for effective technology integration is comme il faut technical assistance for teachers. 8) __T____ MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 19) Which of the following technology-based strategies major power mule skinner have considered an effective way to make up ones mind learned behavior? 19) ___C___ A) forming responses through and through multimedia system rewards for good behavior B) using optical examples to bridge adult/expert and child/novice levels C) drill and practice that gives supporting for correct answers D) using Internet illustrations to start recall of prerequisite skills 20)Which of the following might be a kind of technology strategy based on const ructivist learning models? 20) _C_____ A) Identifying skill weaknesses and targeting tutorial and drill software to them B) Giving students a German phraseology tutorial because a teacher is not available C) Showing video-based problems that students solve through elflike group work D) allow students write papers by discourse covering, rather than by hand 21) What deuce kinds of instruments can teachers design or convey during Phase 3 of the TIP mystify to assess changes in attitudes during a technology-enhanced lesson? 1) __A___ A) Rubrics and semantic differentials B) Likert scales and semantic differentials C) Rubrics and observation checklists D) Likert scales and rubrics 22) In piece of writing outcomes and objectives for technology-enhanced lessons, which of the following should teachers always consider? 22) __A___ A) skills and attitudes to be learned B) teaching approaches to be utilize C) learning processes to be used D) technology skills to be learned 23) Which of the following should be asked during Phase 6 to get word if the technology-enhanced lesson worked as planned? 23)B_____ A) Have the technology resources been combine well? B) Could a different technology produce a better vector sum? C) Do teachers agree that the technology was necessary? D) Were all available technology resources used? 24) What is one of the most important guidelines for teachers and others to follow when writing proposals to obtain technology accompaniment? 24) _D____ A) Give descriptions of relevant background for all personnel. B) make for sure to address the primary goals of the funding agency. C) Give detailed definition to justify funds for technology resources. D)Make sure sufficient research history and background is included. SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. 25) Howard Gardner would probably wonder of assigning different roles in small group multimedia development projects because the y can helper address this concept that is rudimentary to his theory. 25) _Theory of Multiple Intelligences__ 26) What would Vygotsky call a process of helping students develop new math skills by using video-based problems to build on their own knowledge and experience? 26) _social process in learning_______ 27)What do teachers see when they determine that a technology-based strategy is better than the traditional one they were using? 27) _____________ 28) This model gives teachers a general approach to address challenges complex in integrating technology into teaching. 28) _Technology desegregation Planning Model_______ 29) This software prevents access to special web site addresses or to web sites that contain certain keywords or phrases. 29) _Firewall Software_ 30) What is the cry for the policy that schools should have students sign to help make sure they are advised of appropriate behaviors on the Internet? 30) _Authorized Use Policies______

Issues with Juveniles

young personful persons can tear the fairness just like self-aggrandizings can. The difference is in the way they argon treated afterwards the f piece, from the police interaction to the type of penalty they will ultimately receive. In closely(prenominal) cases getting to the churl forward cruel behavior begins whitethorn stop a life story of crime to begin with it begins. In this paper I will be going over the importance of baby bird development, crime support, interrogatory and Miranda warnings, crime prevention, deterrence, and punishment.Children that contract up in fundaments where the enkindles atomic quash 18 non around or do non c be ab bring egress them atomic number 18 to a greater extent liable(predicate) to become caught up in a life of crime than the kids that assimilate a loving family. Children that piss fires that atomic number 18 criminals themselves will probably become criminals as sound. According to one re seemer, 63 percentag e of boys with convicted fathers themselves had criminal convictions, comp ard to 30 percent among those who did non abide convicted fathers. (Worrall, 2008, p. 259) If a baby bird does non adjudge a positive region model to follow, they will follow the electro damaging one.This is excessively true if the father is not in the home or vocalization of their lives or if their pargonnts are in to medicates. neediness of parental supervision, improper abuse, rejection, neglect, conflict between the parents and many other problems can also ternary to behavioural issues in children. domesticated violence in the home, single family households and families with rotund amounts of people are also more(prenominal) believably to produce children that have behavioral issues as they develop. Lack of attention or negative attention is hard on a child and it has been proven to lead them to a life of delinquency. in that respect are many steps that families can topic to pee on crime g et a line before it becomes a problem. The first is parent training and education. Just as thither are good drivers and bad drivers, in that respect are good parents and bad parents. (Worrall, 2008, p. 261) Parenting does not come overnight. It takes time and practice and information. sometimes the harm to children is make accidentally and designed this, the government has leap outed programs much(prenominal) as the change Families Program.The SFP was founded in 1983 and is for parents who are also drug abusers and teaches them appropriate parenting skills. Parenting classes can be make in and out of the home and await in several forms. One such form is during pregnancy when a treat practitioner comes to the home and concurs the expectant fuss information on her pregnancy and on things to expect when the child is born. Head show up programs are nominated to poor African-American families so that their children are precondition extra assistant with educational needs. Research has shown that these and other programs have been successful in triming the send of delinquency in upstarts. The fall out of child abuse is lower in families that have gone through treatment than those who have not. Mothers are bettering their lives through the programs as well so the rate of arrest is lower in the mothers and their children than those left untreated. Once a late has police bear upon, the interaction is precise(prenominal) different than it would be if it were an adult.There are several rights that a new-fashioned person has to value them. The first right is the fourthly Amendment. The Fourth Amendment to the U. S. Constitution recites The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and commenceicularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized. (Bartollas & axerophthol Miller, 2008) Juveniles have the resembling rights to privacy that adults do. If the police want to search a teenage or their home or vehicle they essential provide a search warrant un slight the teenaged anteceded their rights, consented to the search, or got caught in the criminal act they were committing. Interrogation of a recent, confessions, and Miranda Warnings go lead in hand. Juveniles, as well as adults, are to be read their Miranda rights at the time of arrest.These Miranda Warnings give the juvenile hexad rights including the right to remain silent, the right to an lawyer, an attorney provided if they are unable to afford one, whatsoever the juvenile says to the police is fair pole to be utilize later in court, if a juvenile starts talking they may stop at any time, and whatever the juvenile says to persons other than the juvenile military ships police officer or court personnel may be used against the juv enile if they are tried as an adult.The juvenile officer is responsible for providing the juvenile with these rights and must defend the interest of the youth. A juvenile officers role in the head process is the protection of the juveniles rights by initial explanation and by and by by stopping the interrogative sentence if it is so requested by the juvenile. Participation by the juvenile officer in the interrogation of a juvenile renders the confession and present discovered as a consequent thereof inadmissible sic in a subsequent adult prosecution. (McCarver, 2006) All doubting of the juvenile must be done by law enforcement. The admissibility of a juveniles statement taken in the presence of the juvenile officer is set(p) from the totality of the circumstances on a case-by-case basis. The court will value the juveniles age, experience, education, back ground, intelligence service and whether the juvenile has the capacity to beneathstand the warnings given to him, the na ture of his Fifth Amendment rights and the consequences of waiving those rights. (McCarver, 2006)If a juvenile is tried as an adult they must have been made aware before his confession that it is possible that he may be tried as an adult and anything that any statements he makes can be used against him. Any officer that questions a juvenile must specifically state that he or she may be certified to be tried as an adult. In the absence of an attorney, the confession of a juvenile which results from a custodial interrogation may not be used against the juvenile unless oth the juvenile and his parent, guardian or adult friend were informed of the juveniles rights to an attorney and to remain silent, and the juvenile must be given an opportunity to consult with his parents, guardian, adult friend or attorney as to whether he wishes to waive those rights. (McCarver, 2006) Deterrence or prevention is very important in moveing juveniles out of trouble. In my opinion, one of the most po tent preventative measures for preventing juvenile crime is community-based programs.These programs, such as, Big Brothers Big Sisters of America, Bully barroom Program, and Functional Family Therapy drop by the wayside youths to be part of the community in a positive way. An eighteen-month evaluation found that compared with a control group waiting for a match, youths in the mentoring program were 46 percent less likely to start using drugs, 27 percent less likely to start drinking, and 32 percent less likely to hit or assault someone. (Bartollas & adenylic acid Miller, 2008) In single parent homes where the parent works it is hard to keep tabs on your child at all times. acquire them into a program will keep the youths occupied and out of trouble in a perfect world. With the statistics listed community-based programs are good and do a good excogitate of reducing juvenile crime. There are many, many programs like these I listed. The problems that mature are a lack of support and volunteers. It is important for the communities to sponsor and volunteer for these programs or they really cannot complain about children foot race the streets, learning negative behaviors, and committing crimes. Another impressive preventative measure is programs like the cabbage Area Projects. The projects have three basal goals Frist, they provide a forum for topical anaesthetic residents to become acquainted with new scientific perspectives on child rearing, child welfare, and juvenile delinquency. (Bartollas & adenylic acid Miller, 2008) Second, they open up lines of talk between the community and the institutional representatives of the bigger community, the ones that help influence the topical anesthetic youth.Third, they allow local adults to come in to contact with local youths, especially those having difficulties with the law. (Bartollas & Miller, 2008) This and programs like this one have the local communities take responsibility or the youths before they are sent to the juvenile legal expert system. The adults in the community can tattle on behalf of youths in court and they create programs to keep the youth out of trouble. If a child is distracted in a positive way, they are less likely to act out in a negative way. When punishment is needed, probation is usually the answer. Probation is the number one sentence in the juvenile court. About 400,000 youths are placed on formal probation each year, which amounts to more than 60 percent of all juvenile dispositions. (Bartollas & Miller, 2008) This number has increased greatly since 1993. Probation is a judicial disposition under which novel offenders are subject to certain conditions obligate by the juvenile court and are permitted to remain in the community under the supervision of a probation officer. (Bartollas & Miller, 2008) Juvenile probation focuses on programs for the offending youth in order to keep them out of jail. A probation officer is assigned and will work with the juvenile to help meet the conditions of their probation. few think that the purpose of juvenile probation is to give the child a second chance. This is not necessarily correct.The main focus of juvenile probation is provide programs and services so that the youth will learn to stay out of trouble with the law in the future. There are several reasons why probation is the most desirable alternative to jail time. Juveniles are able to remain free of internment but society has protection from elevate law breaking. It promotes the rehabilitation of offenders because they can curb normal community contacts by sustentation at home, attending school, and participating in community activities. (Bartollas & Miller, 2008) It also be less and allows the juvenile to avoid the negative impact of confinement.While treated otherwise than adults in most cases, juveniles still break the law and encounter the justice system. Juveniles are afforded the same rights as adults but are handled in a way that usually allows them to have a second chance and become a productive fragment of society. While stopping a life of crime before it begins is the more plausive approach, it is not always a possibility. In this paper I have discussed child development, crime control, interrogation and Miranda warnings, crime prevention, deterrence, and punishment.

'Bilingual Education Essay\r'

'A deeper reason of xenophobia has descended on the States recently. The sleepy plain town of Pahrump, NV, reflected this animosity when it passed an ordinance that do face the official speech communication and puzzle out it illegal to display foreign keels without an attach to Ameri contribute sag (Curtis, 2006). In an cloak of civil disobedience, two Pahrump residents placed a Polish flag and an Italian flag (in reference to their own ancestry) on their drive porch (Curtis, 2006). Vandals drenched the Italian flag with testis overnight (the Italian flag looks mistakable to the Mexican flag).\r\nA major(ip)(ip)ity of the suffrage citizens of Pahrump would eventu entirelyy overturn the polarizing ordinance. This incident reflects a salient truth: m any monolingual the Statesns feel uncomfortable with the influx of communicatory peoples be puzzle of the perceived deprivation of assimilation by Latinos. This xenophobic halo has trickled onto the realm of cultivation: a movement for the ejection of multilingualistististist breeding in public naturalises has gained much attention recently. Prop wiznts argue that use innate lingual communications in the classroom impedes national unison (Brisk, 1998).\r\n some other(a)s feel that bilingualist trailing impedes learning. This question write up examines a possible cause of the anti-bilingual movement. It also examines rough arguments and counter arguments of bilingual working. Although by definition bilingual training whitethorn include side and any foreign language, this radical pointes on the Spanish- harangue population because of the perception legion(predicate) cause about the Hispanic partnership: that it resists conform to American market-gardening. Such sentiments train contributed to the anti-bilingual educational activity movement that has descended in legion(predicate) move of America.\r\nThis is unfortunate because bilingual education programs in truth p romote assimilation into mainstream American gild. multilingual take oning 3 The bilingual education debate, as noticeed in the introductory paragraph, has garnished much dialogue lately because of a nonher heated button discipline; in-migration. new-fangledscasts often frighten a manner images of â€Å"illegal aliens” crossing our borders. some blither shows often feature lively debates concerning solvent of the undocumented workforce. The immigration debate last sparked a massive protest in 20006 with the â€Å" solar day Without an Immigrant” boycott that would affect American schools and businesses (Lendon, 2006).\r\nThe guinea pig of bilingual education has inevitably entered the debate. Editorial writers often slip in their stances on bilingual education when discussing immigration issues. Pugnacious talk show forcess much(prenominal) as Rush Limbaugh often host acidic debates on bilingualism in the unite States. This issue will certainly n ot evaporate any time soon. What legion(predicate) opponents of bilingual education fail to mention is that there is an elephant in the room: xenophobia. some(prenominal) monolingual citizens fear that American glossiness as they know it is morphing into something foreign.\r\nConsidering America’s mysterious, colorful immigrant history, this fear baffles the mind. Why would the posterity of Poles, Germans, Czechs, Italians, and otherwise European immigrants express such(prenominal) concerns? Critics of America’s evolving culture should focus on the similarities between the immigrants of their ancestors and the plight of today’s average immigrant. Many of America’s ancestors landed on our shores at the turn of the 20th century (Calderon, Slavin, 2001). Their European ancestors, like today’s immigrants, had the corresponding(p) dreams that some of today’s immigrants project: to escape the abyss of poverty or war.\r\nAlthough many im migrants faced linguistic and heathen obstacles, many witnessed their baby birdren succeed in school and beget economic security. According to Calderon and Slaven bilingualist pedagogy 4 (2001), â€Å"School is the carry by which children of immigrants climb out of poverty and into mainstream society” (p. 8). The goal of the immigrants of yesteryear was clear to assimilate by authority of a quality education. If education is a major ingredient for assimilation of immigrants into mainstream society, then society should embrace bilingual education. A startle point is literacy, since reading cuts across all pedantic subjects.\r\nAn effective strategy involves use a child’s internal language in literacy instruction. We generally acquire reading skills by reading (Smith, 1994). By providing a child with reading temporal in his/her primary language, we provide the savant with a healthier, stronger academic base from which to flesh on. Once a child acquires t hese underlying skills such as identifying phonic blends in his/her get under ones skin tongue, the have gotman digests the given topic easier. Equipped with reading and content noesis skills, the transition into literacy in a number language then becomes smoother for the incline language learner.\r\nTruly, a child’s primeval Australian language is the best sign spiritualist of instruction (Brisk,1998). I did not realize how important victimization a child’s native language was until I experienced an obstacle with a native Spanish speaker several(prenominal) years ago. Using only side of meat, I was trying to watch a savant fresh from Mexico the concept of active and linking verbs. I soon realized that she had never erudite these basics about her own native language, let alone grammar of the side of meat language. I soon resorted to direction her grammar in Spanish.\r\n later on she mastered the subject, I transitioned what she learned into the initial face lesson that I had tried teaching her earlier. This experience lends credence to the point that scholars make: children lock up call for a sess to learn about their bilingualist command 5 native tongue upon entree American schools (Brisk, 1998). Despite the accompaniment that look into supports using native languages as a besidesl for literacy, many continue their electrical resistance to bilingual education; they argue for an all-English atmosphere in schools. An indirect but hard consequence of this improvement is the\r\npsychological effect it may throw off on many Latinos. Many agree that language is a key component of e genuinely culture (Blanc, 2000). By discouraging Spanish from the classroom, the curb English just (LEP) student may feel that his or her native language or culture has less cherish than the mainstream culture. This may produce a brain of inferiority in the mind of many Hispanics and may cause strife among variant ethnicities. Ironically, this moves many Latinos away from the assimilation ideal, which opponents of bilingual education do not want.\r\nIn addition to affecting the morale of the LEP community, eliminating bilingual education programs may increase the already sky- senior high Hispanic high school drop-out rate. Lack of academic mastery is one reason Hispanic youths quit school (Lockwood, 1996). By removing their limited access to research-based programs such as bilingual education, they may take even less academic success. Eventually, this may produce a Hispanic community full of low-skilled, poorly educated people. In other words, it may produce a subclass.\r\nAgain, this moves Hispanics away from the assimilation goal treasure by many Americans. Regardless of the benefits of bilingual education, anti-bilingual sentiments continue percolating. Some resort to using other Latinos as a means for obtaining their anti-bilingual agenda. Some cite Richard Rodriguez’s In Hunger of Memory: the Bilingu al reading 6 knowledge of Richard Rodriguez as a case against bilingual education (Krashen, 2007). Rodriguez, a Mexican immigrant, enjoyed great academic success and assimilated into American society despite the lack of bilingual education.\r\nSome average Hispanics repeat Rodriquez’s anti-bilingual education stances. Forty- common chord-year-old waitress Ana Julia Duncan, young woman of Mexican nationals, received minimal bilingual services in the third ground floor ( face-to-face communication). Despite this fact, academically she performed moderately well (personal communication). Because of her success in school, Duncan feels that bilingualism has bitty nourish: â€Å"I didn’t speak English when I started school. I did OK. Why can’t anybody else do OK? ” Unfortunately, her way of thinking strikes a familiar fit in with other Latinos in her same situation.\r\nThe Rodriquez and Duncan stories search to act as support for the elimination of bil ingual education. However, neither person epitomize the average, modern English language learner. In Rodriquez’s case, he grew up in a predominately white neighborhood (Kreshen, 2007). As a result, he was exposed to the English language a lot more than the average Spanish speaker. Since a child’s socio- heathen environment plays a major theatrical role in his or her bright development (Gregory, 2004), Rodriguez’s success should not surprise many. His peers, in essence, acted as quasi-tutors.\r\nDuncan’s situation parallels Rodriguez’s upbringing: she similarly grew up in a in the first place white neighborhood (personal communication). Therefore she too received informal training or input from her peers. A majority of Hispanic LEP students, by contrast, live in predominately Spanish-speaking neighborhoods and lack the advantages Rodriguez and Duncan had as children (Kreshen, 2007). Bilingual Education 7 Despite the flaws in using Rodriguez and Duncan as microcosms in the bilingual education debate, some nevertheless insist in a lend immersion approach in our schools.\r\nAlthough total immersion has no credible supporting evidence (Crawford, 2007), from a personal point of view, it does have a tinge of value. I had intimately no English-speaking skills as a very young child. My parents were Mexican nationals; my father worked at the post office while my mother stayed at spot with the children. Thus, I had virtually no exposure to English. Upon entering my predominantly white kindergarten class in 1970, I realized that I was basically on my own since there were no other Latino children in that particular class.\r\nHowever, this settle or swim situation had a benefit. Within a year, I radius conversational English. By the first grade, I became fairly fluent in English and would earn average grades. In my opinion, total immersion did play a role in my acquiring salient English skills. Unfortunately, by the time I reache d the flake grade, I felt as if I lost a part of my identity element: I lost a salutary deal of my native language. I forgot some major Spanish vocabulary words, I started having trouble pronouncing many polysyllabic words, and I had developed a slight gringo accent.\r\nMexican children notice this and would often make mutation of my awkward Spanish. To make things worse, my English skills still needed improvement. The presence of bilingual education may have prevented some of my linguistic obstacles by helping me suffer a healthy language base in two English and Spanish. Luckily, some of my teachers noticed my problem and placed me in a bilingual program along with three other students. One was in the same situation as myself; the Bilingual Education 8\r\nother two were predominately proficient in Spanish who lacked major English skills. The bilingual teacher helped us maintain our strengths and helped correct our weaknesses by using our native language as a medium for instr uction. By the end of the school year, I felt more confident. This research paper starts out with an anecdote that depicts a country-style Nevada town struggling with xenophobia; it had voted in an English-only ordinance. Then, a connection between xenophobia in America and the anti-bilingual education movement is unveiled.\r\nDespite the fact that some school districts have pupils from as many as 130 distinct countries (Crawford, 2004), this paper focuses on the Spanish speaking English language learner because of a major criticism the Hispanic community endures; that it resists assimilation into the mainstream American culture. A â€Å" final result” for the this problem is the elimination of bilingual education programs in public schools. Proponents claim this would sanction national unity. However, as this research paper demonstrates, purging such programs would actually accommodate the Hispanic English language learner away from assimilation, not towards it.\r\nIf ma ny opponents of bilingualism have their way, American schools will eventually have a monolithic, cookie-cutter approach to teaching its student population. In the United States, a country made from a rich tapestry of immigrants, this scenario would be very un-American. Bilingual Education 9 References Blanc, M. H. A. , & Hamers, J. (2000). Bilinguality and Bilingualism. England : Cambridge University Press. drumhead: This hold is a very elevated, academic man of work. It provides the reader with a guidepost to language behavior, tools to measure levels of bilingualism, and addresses bilingual development.\r\nOther areas the book concentrates on include the cognitive development of the bilingual mind, and the cognitive consequences of the bilingual behavior. Brisk, M. E. (1998) Bilingual Education: From Compensatory to Quality Education. Mahway, brisk Jersey: Cambridge University Press. abridgment: This book examines the handed-down debates about bilingual education. It al so examines influences, both internal and external, on the bilingual student’s education. The author presents strategies for implementing quality bilingual services. Calderon, M. , & Slavin, R. (2001).\r\nEffective Programs for Latino Students. Mahway, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Summary: This book highlights programs that have worked well for the Hispanic population. It also addresses the unaccepted high drop-out rate of Latino high school students. The book goes a measuring stick further by unveiling the needs of higher-education for Hispanics, an area that has received relatively little attention. The authors also explain why many Latinos are at risk in America. Curtis, Lynette. (2006, Nov. 15). Pahrump Targets Illegal Immigrants. The Las Vegas come off Journal.\r\nCurtis, Lynette. (2006, Nov. 23). Backlash: Pahrump flag ban won’t fly. The Las Vegas Review Journal. Lockwood, A. T. Caring, Community, and Personalization: Strategies to Combat the H ispanic Dropout Problem. (1996). â€Å"Advances in Hispanic Education, 1. ” Washington, DC: U. S. Department of Education. Summary: This book focuses on the dangerously real issue of the Latino dropout issue. T Gregory, E. , Long, S. , & Volk. (2004). Many Pathways to Literacy: Young Children Learning with Siblings, Grandparents, Peers, and Communities. New York: Routledge Falmer.\r\nSummary: This book looks at literacy, including bilingual literacy, using a sociocultural approach. It taps into the family complex body part in various ethnic groups. The book addresses bilingual education in the home and highlights the benefits of this strategy. The authors unveil the importance of using cultural norms as a means to teach literacy (such as story-telling). Another aspect of this piece is its assessment of children’s everyday tone experience and how that impacts learning. On a personal note, this book didn’t really apprehensiveness my eye at first because it didn’t focus on Hispanics specifically.\r\nI am happy that I finally open(a) it up because I was able to figure some parallels between the Hispanic experiences and other ethnic groups. Krashen, Stephen. ( 1997). Why Bilingual Education? Eric Digest. Retrieved April 4, 2006 from http://www. ericdigests. org/1997-3/bilingual. html. Lendon, Brad. (2006, May 1). US prepares for ‘A Day Without an Immigrant. ’ Retrieved on April 4, 2007, from http://www. cnn. com/2006/US/04/28/boycott/ Smith, F. (1994). Understanding reading: A psycholinguistic analysis of reading and learning to read (5th ed. ). Hillsdale, NJ: L. Erlbaum. .\r\n'

'Gender Roles In Macbeth Essay\r'

'It is important to understand the role that sex counts in at present’s society, as compared with the gender roles portrayed in William Shakespeare’s Macbeth. Gender can be seen as a prepossess both today and in the time in which Macbeth takes place. maleness is a strong symbol habituate within gender throughout the play, and is a parallel with icons today.\r\nToday, gender can be played as a bias in jobs, job interviews, political systems, and sociable classes. Women are typically labeled as the weaker sex, and the same applies to Macbeth’s time. Women tend to get hold of a harder time today when difficult to get jobs that were previously only held by males, for example, the president of the United States. The president is seen as baronful, and a symbol of strength representing the U.S. Unfortunately, because the unimaginative wo musical composition is seen as weak, women typically aren’t voted into high-ranking offices. The same unfair fit of gender is seen the same way in Macbeth.\r\nBoth Macbeth and bird Macbeth are straining towards masculinity. The importance of masculinity to the both of them is an grapple of power. Lady Macbeth aspires to be a man so that she can show command and be more of a ruler. Macbeth has a mental struggle with his masculinity, mostly because Lady Macbeth convinces him of it. Because Lady Macbeth cannot really befit a man, she has to work vicariously through Macbeth, fashioning him become king. To control Macbeth, she must use his aim to become more masculine, to pressure his violent death of Duncan. In Act I, purview I, on line 51, Macbeth affirms, â€Å"I hold up do all that may become a man. Who dares [do] more is none.” Macbeth is replying to Lady Macbeth when she asks if he is afraid to do the task of killing Duncan. It is important to see how Lady Macbeth uses her husbands get hold of for masculinity to achieve her virile nature.\r\nWhen identifying the roles that gend er plays today, and contrast them to the way gender is visualized in Macbeth, we can see the dickens of them are very similar. To date in the United States, we have not had a female president, the highest-raking political office in America. In Macbeth’s time, no women were allowed to be king, which was the highest symbol of power during the time the play took place. Lady Macbeth faces problems with the gender roles, because she wants more power than she is allowed. To work around this, she needs to do her work through her husband, provoking him victimisation his struggle with manhood.\r\n'

'African American and Conflicting Perspective Essay\r'

' both individual has a military post on things in life and their personal brain of the truth. These are universal concepts and are widely telln in ted Hughes poems â€Å"natal day Letters”. birthday garner is a set of poems, give tongue to to have been written by Hughes for cardinal years prior to his expiry, on his ex wife’s birthday to each one and only(a) year this the selection of poems existence c ever soy last(predicate)ed birthday letters. The selection on poems surrounds his problematic matrimonial issues between himself and his wife Sylvia Plath. It is as well as to showing the hostile placement on their descent. This is principally towards the criticism he received all those years after her suicide.\r\nHe had been goddamned for being the catalyst for her suicide/death and so began a collection of poems regarding their relationship barely in some way, excusing himself and rationalizeing that she was already on a destructive path. with ii of his poems, Fulbright scholars and the shot, an understanding of the poems have throw lighten the concepts of opposed perspectives. Two opposite complementary schoolbooks such as letters from ii jima and to kill a flouter convey unconnected perspectives in time on issues such as racial divergence and the perspectives of an opposing country that has been marked as enemies.\r\nFulbright scholars are the first poem in the birthday letters collection. Hughes here(predicate) tries to memorialise how he met her and first know of her existence. He does this whilst looking at a demo that was taken at university, when he was a naive young serviceman. He ponders some her through and throughout the poem stressful knockout to delve into his psyche hopelessly to cogitate something about her when they met at a party. This screw be noted by the bring up â€Å"were you among them? ” which refers to the picture of Fulbright scholar.\r\nIn terms of conflicting perspe ctives, the e poem buttocks to a fault be look onn as a text that he wrote implicating how difficult it is t recollection that first meeting, however he begins to develop his perspective of Sylvia Plath. He sound outs â€Å"your exaggerated American grin for the cameras” which referred to her as someone with phoney appearances. The various techniques Hughes used to convey his ideas were the use of rhetorical questions such as â€Å"were you among them? ”, the repetitions of the record book perhaps and the use of the I persona, and metaphors such as the â€Å"first fresh spill the beans”.\r\nRhetorical questions he used as a means of asking himself how he met her and what she first looked deal to him. The metaphor ‘ scrumptious peach” can be verbalise to be another way to say she was the first girl he â€Å"ever tasted”, in terms of the experience of genuinely liking someone who seemed special to him. temperament is used throughou t the poem of maybe can be analyzed as a way of trying to come back what he saw of her and his knowing of her existence. The ‘I’ persona is an important tool in terms of Hughes alluding to the very personal disposition of his reflection.\r\nThe poem ‘the shot’ is in addition one from the collection and conveys Plath as someone diametric to what her fans saw her to be. As he says that she was deceitful in terms of appearance of a good and decent person/poet. In the poem, the shot is a metaphor of Plath being fastball shout out a gun. It can also e pensive that Hughes thinks that he was the one shot. Hughes perspective on paths â€Å"destructive path” is one that she has ever been on, saying that she was already a bullet long before she has met him.\r\nFollowers of Plath as a victim view him as a catalyst for her suicide but in the poem he tries to explain that she was already suicidal as she tried and true to commit suicide when she was young er. The use of leger â€Å"daddy” is one of great sizeableness as it refers to her barbarianish attachment to her father. This is also the title of her famous poem daddy. Hughes also explains that from his perspective, that he himself has become the father epithet that she had ways been looking for. Overall, the concept of the two poems depict conflicting perspectives through abridgment of ted Hughes’ birthday letters.\r\nThe text letters from invasion of Iwo jima is similarly to birthday letters, a conflicting perspective however of the Nipponese however of the Nipponese soldiers during the American invasion of to two jima in ww2. It depicts their perspective throughout the roily time, showing that even were still human beings with the same universal feelings. Clint eastwood directed the choose letters from Iwo Jima in 2006, trying to show an American or non Japanese interview their side of the story or their perspective. Here, a conflicting perspective is s hown.\r\n passim the film, eastwood wants us to empathise with the Japanese perspective f the same terror and emotions that the Americans felt up at that time too. The main grapheme is a young Japanese soldier called saigo who is little enthused on fighting and press release to war. This is all seen through techniques eastwood input such as flashbacks- which were important in the film. The audience is then able to see how the soldiers were like before the war and what it was like for them when they got conscripted. Their reflections are a huge part in their conflicting perspective and also a great important technique is the Japanese language.\r\nEastwood used the language to give a strong signified of ethnicity and strong sense of tradition. To kill a mocking sibilation written by Harper downwind(prenominal) in 1960 conveys the conflicting perspectives of the treatment of African Americans in Alabama. This conflicting perspective is seen through the eyes of a young black-and -blue girl, rather than n African American person. The text shows her view o the racial inequality against the Negroes and the treatment, outrage and violence they receive. The publication takes place that’s how a conflicting perspective is the court case scene, where an African American man is accused of raping a young ashen girl.\r\nThe perspective here is not only through the girl, spy Finch, but also her father genus Atticus finch which is the lawyer defending the accused. However he took on a case he know that with all the racial discrimination and prejudice around, he would inevitable lose. The position that he took on the case shows a conflicting perspective of a sportsmanlike American man who has no prejudice against African Americans. The daughter scout finch views the situation on a different train as well as she was essentially raised by African American woman and didn’t judge her, as many people did in Maycomb County.\r\nShe begins to see and under stand the prejudice and discrimination when the man is accused of rape as the bulk people did not like his racecourse at that time. It was seen as stereotypical to condemn him for the rape. The conflicting perspective here is that the perspective o a young white American and her family on the treatment the Negroes received. It can be said that harper lee wanted the audience to challenge their beliefs and see events from the perspective of a young child who is horrified by the treatment of the Negroes.\r\n'

'Marketing Planning Essay\r'

'INTRODUCTION\r\nUnilever started its operations in Vietnam in 1995 and do headache in dissolute moving consumer fairs bea. It has verit sufficient an extensive topical anaesthetic interlocking of distributors and sellers with commit to â€Å" snitch Viet scorese lives separate(p)” through the provision of a wide range of international forest and afford adequate to(p) pr internal-combustion engined carrefours in health, hygiene and nutrition. Unilever Vietnam was developed the wide range of line of products serv frappe and proceedss, with much than 20 marques name, Unilever has be go into matchless of the bombasticgest multinational in Vietnam and S let onh-East Asia.\r\n1.1 check out the changing perspective in Unilever grocery preparation Nowadays,\r\nwhen involve and guest pleasure be foundation of business, on that point atomic number 18 much companies fol first-class honours degree the trade †direct preference course outline in s teatimed of growth orientation. In this assign, we volition learn astir(predicate) several(prenominal) reason why legion(predicate) companies had formd intersection orientation to food grocery store †light-emitting diode orientation. Product orientation: Few eld ago, when crossway orientation st vagabondgy was popular, the companies lease to ignore their client’s fill and focus just now on expeditiously building a superior product. This eccentric person of smart set believes that if they drive out make the exceed product their clients go forth coiffe to them. The staple fiber focus of a ac smart set with a business orientation is toward maximizing production output. They ask to produce as more products as possible to sheer the prcrank without caring around client c whole for. grocery store †led orientation: Currently, product orientation dodge is non popular anymore. It was replaced by securities industry †led orientation d odging which is squ arly focused on the consumer. For the company to fol pathetic this strategy forcefulnessively, they pee to start out to node and betterment to advertise. In summation for grocery led orientation, e actu all(prenominal)(prenominal)y employee of all(prenominal) the departments will be responsible for merchandise the products. The main(prenominal) purposes of changing product orientation to mart †led orientation atomic number 18: * Making a long bourn relationship with guests: the product which is compress on customer bespeaks will belong to them in a long bourne. Thus, it is important for company to do surveys likefully so that they bay growdow hold out exactly what customer want and start the production. * Building stag sensation and customer‘s loyalty: a mart-oriented company conservatively cultivates a fool in the minds of probable customers through advertising activities in an attempt to influence them to commence its products instead of a competitor’s products. * Bring customer the entertain of product: If the company burn understand the customer needs and meet their demand, it is easier for company to sire customer not completely the caliber of product but in like manner the intangible asset value. For ex angstrom unitle:\r\nUnilever Vietnam towards trade †led orientation strategy by doing surveys to the highest degree customer needs, produce honourable fictitious character products and endow on furtheranceal activities. This strategy is the virtually suitable with the company doing business in dissolute moving consumer goods in pock family & international ampere; personal c be and diet categories. They do surveys on a regular basis to make sealed as shooting\r\nthat the product launch on m and satisfy customer needs. overly that, Unilever spends a great deal of m singley on advertising to build ken of customer about the product and they will dress to buy it. \r\n1.2 Evaluate Unilever expertness for readying its afterlife(a) market legal action. As you know, Unilever is whizz of the world’s leading leave behindrs of fast moving consumer goods in shuffleed foundation & personal c atomic number 18 and food categories and its products touch the lives of over 2 gazillion people e very(prenominal) day †whether that’s through feeling great because they’ve got pulchritudinous hair and a radiant smile, occupy c ar of their home, or by enjoying a great cup of tea or healthy snack. But whether they keister do more than that in the future? This task will evaluate Unilever’s cleverness for cooking its future selling activities. The product innovation: Look at the picking Unilever’s top brands; we passel infer the company’s efforts in creating modernistic-made products over 18 historic period. They not merely when create pioneering products but in addition get under ones ski n the quality and make their customer’s life better (For example: Sunlight, Cif, Knor, Lifebuoy, etcetera That the reason why the roughly of their brands establish popular brand in Vietnam. So we dissolve certain about their capability for producing outstanding products. The vision of attractors and body process oriented: This is one of important factors that disturb to Unilever’s capability for planning future market activities. The great vision of leader will lead to great future for Unilever. ‘’ We work to create a better future every day” (Unilever, 2013). They neck that ball-shaped challenges such(prenominal) as mood miscellany concern us all, so in the future they will not only focus on image the size of their business but in any case reducing their environmental footprint and transfer magnitude their positive social impact. Potential kinds choice: Unilever has more than 1600 employees who are carefully selected. Moreover, t hey offer their employees some(prenominal)(prenominal) ways to reappearance receipts of augment opportunities, they encourage creativity with attractive reward, benefits packages and legion(predicate) an another(prenominal)(prenominal)s so that we chamberpot always attract and retain the best(p) talents to work for them. By sustaining galore(postnominal) talents in the company, it is easy for them to make more pioneering products in the future. After analyzing every related aspect, we can see that Unilever has the capacity to develop their products and go across their competitors. We can know that not only through their online efforts but alike their purpose of nurseing\r\nenvironment in the future.\r\n1.3 Examine technique for Unilever auditing and abbreviation of away factors that affecting the selling planning in Vietnam Unilever makes a number of different products in Vietnam so it is very important to find and recognize problem domains, opportunities so t hat the company can offer solutions and rational decisions for attached step. In this task, we will examine 3 techniques for Unilever auditing and analyzing external factors that affect merchandising planning including: the product life cps (PLC), the doorkeeper Five Forces and BCG hyaloplasm. The product life cycle (PLC)\r\nLifebuoy soap:\r\nLifebuoy Royal Disinfectant gunk was launched in 1894 as an affordable advanced product in the UK and it is one of Unilever’s oldest brands. Lifebuoy witnessed a steady decline in market piece of land at 15% (www.articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com). Because of its long appear on the market with the low market role so Lifebuoy is in Decline gunpoint.\r\n contend’s screwball picking:\r\nIn 1997, protect’s trash Cream was a renowned brand name (Unilever’s bear) in Vietnam with 52% market share and annual turnover of €5 cardinal (www.webcache.googleusercontent.com). But in 2004, after realizing t he sparing as well as the line of that moment is not consistent with the development of mole’s Ice Cream, Unilever dogged to let Kinh Do company to get this brand within 5 long time. Then, the brand name seawall’s Ice Cream came back in an surprising way after 5 years absence in 2009. Since that, Wall’s Ice Cream warmly refreshing by customer. In addition, it similarly spread out statistical distribution network with 130 distributors and 4,000 retail outlets (www.cyvee.com). Wall’s is an international brand of churl batter and is one of the most profitable units of Unilever (www.commerceplus.blogspot.com). Thus, Wall’s Ice Cream could be considered in the stage of Maturity from product life cycle.\r\nLipton ice tea:\r\nLipton ice tea has mother a famous brand in Vietnam and wants to make a hulking splattering in the global beverages market. They not only produce tea but also help customer to improve vascular wait on, combat fatigue, r educe cholesterol levels and increase feelings of vitality. Moreover, Lipton is the global market leader in both cockle and ready-to-drink tea, with a global market share just about collar times big(a)r than its nearest rival. Thus, Lipton ice tea is in the stage of Maturity.\r\nBCG hyaloplasm:\r\nLifebuoy soap:\r\nLifebuoy soap is prevarication in BCG Matrix at Question hybridizing point. The market share value of Lifebuoy is low at 15% (www.articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com) and its market growth rate is spirited at 85.03%. Nowadays, there are more kind of soaps come along into the market and they are not only protect users to bacteria but also lift intangible value to customers. However, the market that Lifebuoy doing business in is a potential market. At this point, company makes their investment on this product to get the point of coin cow and star in BCG matrix.\r\nWall’s Ice cream:\r\nWall’s Ice cream was come back to Vietnam market with an unexpe cted success. They film a big distribution network with 130 distributors and 4,000 retail outlets (www.cyvee.com) to meet the demand of customer in Vietnam. Moreover, ice cream market is a potential market in Vietnam so it is great opportunities for Wall to expand its market. According to Euromonitor, Vietnam cream perseverance value will reach $ one hundred twenty-five million this year. Thus, with high market share and high market growth, Wall is lying in Cash Cow.\r\nLipton ice tea:\r\nLipton Ice tea is the world’s leading brand of tea with high market share by\r\noccupying a half of the global market (www.strategy.vn). close the market growth, Mr. Kamimura Yosuke ( NGK Kirin Company’s laissez passer of Marketing) said that for 2004-2010, the beverage market Vietnam has very few brand to create explosive opportunities for green tea market. At that time, with the induction of many another(prenominal) new products, green tea seems to pay back the market satura tion point. However, this market has yet to step into the setbacks and has raze been considered as a potential market in the future. Thus, Lipton Ice tea is lying in Cash Cow.\r\nPorter Five Forces\r\n send / Force| Lifebuoy soap| Wall’s ice cream| Lipton Tea| bargain of Buyer| juicyAlthough Lifebuoy bringscustomer some benefits to protect their health with the low price, there are many its competitors that not only brings health benefit but also intangible value to customer. Moreover, it does not require the fault address when customer change using Lifebuoy to another(prenominal) one| HighRecent, there are many café shop that offer ice cream in menu or ice cream particularity shops (ex: Baskin Robbins) indirect fence with Wall. Moreover, the turn cost is low and the preteen customers harbour trend to eat ice cream outside in the crowd places with music and their friends instead of staying at home with popsicles. | High The competitor of Lipton such as hold tig ht and THP seem to nominate a better trade strategy than Lipton so these competitors will build the image of brand in customer mind. Besides, customer will find easy to change to nestle or THP if Lipton can not satisfy their demand with low switching cost.| negotiate of Supplier| HighLifebuoy focus on sociable hygiene and health solutions for customer on production line that makes its difference.\r\nThus, it will effect to product’s quality if Lifebuoy change to another supplier. Besides, the leak risk about the way to make product and the switching cost are high. Moreover, the supplier whitethorn produce and sale their riposte birth product directly to consumer and ignore Lifebuoy. | HighIf Wall change to another supplier, they will not surely about the quality of the new one. It will lead to losing customer if the quality is worst. In addition, risk and switching cost is high. Moreover, the supplier whitethorn produce and sale their own product directly to consumer and ignore Wall. | High In order to make out with Nestle and THP, Unilever has decided to use the tea leaf from Europe to produce the Lipton tea so they cannot change to other supplier. Risk and switching cost are high. Moreover, the supplier whitethorn produce tea and sale their own product directly to consumer and ignore Lipton. | contestation of existing competitor| MediumIt is different than other products in area by protect customer’s health with the low price. Besides, this area is potential, and its market growth rate is high at 85.03%. in that respect are a lot of competitor which provide the like product of Lifebouy.| MediumAlthough Wall has some of direct competitor such as Kido and indirect competitor such as café shop and ice cream specialty shops, this area is very potential because of the demand of customer is higher. Thus, Wall still has opportunities to win the market.| MediumLipton Tea has certain competitors in Vietnam such as Nestea and O Degree.\r\ nOn the other hand, the soft drink industry is theme industry so Lipton still has a lot of opportunities to reach to customer.| Threats of new entrants| LowTo grapple with Lifebuoy, it requires lots of things like finance, production, human resource and the distribution as well. Government barriers are high for products in soap area. Unilever can apply economic of scales to produce cost and create barriers for new firms. Without these of support above, it seems so hard to join the market and compete with Lifebuoy. | LowTo launch a new brand in this area, the company has to baffle finance, big distribution network, create new pure tone and the reasonable price strategy to compete with Wall. High barriers from existing rivals: Wall’s, Kido are very famous and cockeyed brands for a long time with a large of loyal customer. | LowIf a company wants to come and compete with Unilever in the Tea market, it requires of having the better flavor, better quality of tea-leaf and doin g well promotion like Unilever has do. Strong capital is require in investigate and manufacturing. Accessibility to distribution channels is low because it is hard to construct good relationship with the consumers like 0 Degree tea and Lipton tea| Threats of alleviations| LowThe customer might use instant sanitizer gelatine instead of Lifebuoy but it is not very popular. | Highthither are some substitute products such as cocktail, yogurt or soft-drink with the same available and cost to Wall’s. | HighIn current scenario, the Lipton Tea has so many substitute products, such as the soft-drink from Pepsi, Coca-Cola, or purge the energize water |\r\n1.4 Carry out Unilever auditing and epitome of external factors that affecting the marketing planning in Vietnam Doing SWOT synopsis on Unilever’s business is an indwelling step in the process of branding and marketing its product or service. It also helps the company come up with business strategies. Moreover, SWOT a nalyses help the company to report and capitalize on strengths. In addition, it makes awareness and protects Unilever to avoid the nemesiss.\r\nStrength:\r\n* Unilever has own a strong financial so they can expand the market in nearly 190 countries in the world. Besides, they also hold up 270 manufacturing sites worldwide (www.ukessays.com) that is how they can master deliverance of scale good. It gives competitive advantage to company. * Unilever has own many famous brand name in fast moving consumer goods area such as: Surf, Dove, Ponds, Sunsilk, Knorr, Wall’s ice cream, P/S, Close up, etc (www.unilever.com.vn). whole of these brand names known as multinational brands with affordable price and good quality. * Dynamic work environment, staff and intellectuals lease responsibility for the company’s overall objective (www.unilever.com.vn). Besides, policies to attract talent of Unilever are effective so they can get more ideas for the company development. * Mod ern technology inherited from the global Unilever, delivered quickly and unnormally effective.\r\nWeakness:\r\n* neglect of direct confederacy with final consumers because of dependence on retailers and wholesalers. * There are some technology are not applied to Unilever Vietnam because of high cost. Besides, they carry to import the machine from abroad so it is not take advantages of abundant dig out resources and capacity in Vietnam. * As a company with European roots, promotional strategy of Unilever products is not suitable for Asian culture. * Unilever have a huge number of product brands (over 1600 brands) but 400 brands make up over 90% of Unilever’s summate sales (www.zimbio.com) good. As a consequence, the otiose brands make them money but not very profitable and become one of their weakness point\r\nOpportunities:\r\n* The domestic market (wholesale, retail, goods flow …) has a bigger change compared with several years ago. Besides, politics of Vietnam is considered invariable so Unilever will get more opportunities to develop the business. * Vietnam has abundant and cheap human resources (http://www.goinglobal.com) so that the company can reduce the cost. * Vietnam is a country of religious liberty to the distribution; promotional products are not subject to more stringent cons studyts than many other Asian countries. * Vietnam has a newfangled population structure and popular pretense extended family. Moreover, the fast moving consumer goods market is the potential market in Vietnam so it will bring Unilever high market growth to develop.\r\nThreat:\r\n* Unilever has many strong competitors such as: Nestle, P&G, etc. These competitors have their own famous brand name with big market shares, huge product line and millions of customers. * There are a lot of substitutes product in fast moving consumer’s goods markets today is a big threat of company. * Commercial law also has many disadvantages for foreign investors , especially tariff polity and high taxes levied on goods considered â€Å"luxury”. * In the context of supply is bigger than demand, many new companies invest on the market and fierce competition with Unilever.\r\n.\r\n2.1, 2.2 Assess the main barrier in marketing planning and how Unilever may overcome * Confusing marketing simulated military operation and strategy: In fact, ‘ manoeuvre and strategy’ is two word that easily make people confuse about them, raze some managers in big company, who face with them every day without sum to, may be Unilever’s managers have the same problem. Because the content of them is abundant, thus sometimes strategies and tactics are discussed as they are the same. The common reasons that people are usually confused, firstly managers may make misidentify about the purpose of using of them, such as they are confused in the midst of the long-term and short-term of tactics and\r\nstrategy when they make plans. Finally, sometimes they may even think they are still able to get their targets if miss one of them. solution: The manager of Unilever mustiness make sure that they understand the whole wayly about tactics and strategies. For example, in usually strategy is term use for long-term plans (3 †5 years plans), and tactics is short-term plans (1-2 years plans). Besides that, they must ensure that they can able to make good strategies and tactics to achieve the target of company. To create a good tactic, they have to answer the question â€Å"how”: How are you going to get the job done? Who is going to do it? When? To make a good strategy they must answer the â€Å"what”: â€Å". (And sometimes the â€Å"what not”.) What exactly needs to be done? Moreover, they should communicate the brilliance of making strategies and tactics to employees, from that employee can have a clear thought, then they can provide right information or their idea to make best strategies and tactics together to develop Unilever. * Confusing marketing ‘function’ with ‘concept’: In this barrier, it raise when a firm attempts to introduce a marketing orientation but thinks this can be done simply by creating a marketing department. For Unilever, to achieve satisfaction of customers, the company needs to do some changes of their mode of operation. In addition, there are some general misunderstandings about what marketing really is.\r\nWithout a corporate tearaway(a) force centre on customer satisfaction, arguments about where to put marketing are of course pointless. Even when top centering of Unilever is joined a realization of the need to take account of the customer, they also take mistake about this. So they usually receive complaints from customers and the company needs to give them a reasonable explains. Solution: To bring the real value to customer, quality must be available in all process. For example, Knorr has advertises that not refle ct the product quality so either product quality improvement or they lose their customer. * Lack of Knowledge and Skills: For a company that enters to new market, this barrier is very common. For perennial problems, they have always focused around customer way and market segmentation. So this may be difficult concepts to grasp even at the cognitive level. For Unilever, fellowship and skills are very important. The company needs to train a good staffs who can sufficiency knowledge and skills to meet all demands of customers. Because without an understanding of at least some of the fundamental tools of marketing, the chance of coming up with\r\nstrategies establish on sustainable competitive advantage for Unilever is small. Solution: To overcome this barrier, Unilever has to ensure all those responsible for marketing in the memorial tablet have the necessary marketing knowledge and skills for the job. In particular, ensure they understand and know how to use the more importance to ols of marketing effectively. * Lack of a systematic burn down: At times neediness of info or information and inappropriate systems may greatly impede marketing plans. For instance, lack of a market survey forces the marketing team to rely on barb to determine the best marketing approach for the targeted market. Solution: Before decided to do advertise, Unilever should research information about the culture, behavior or customer needs to make sure that the advertisement is appropriate for each market segment.\r\nCONCLUSION\r\nThrough the analysis of this report, Unilever can have a clear overview about Vietnam market, then analyzing external factors or barriers that affect marketing planning. Based on that, Unilever can identify capability and have solutions for planning its future market activity to make their business more and more developed and become the winner in Vietnam market.\r\nREFERENCES\r\n1. â€Å"Capacity management” (2013). [Online] Wikipedia the free Encyclo pedia. useable at <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capacity_management>. [Retrieved 13.8.2013]\r\n2. â€Å"Capacity Planning” (2010). [Online] sliding board share present yourself. lendable at <http://www.slideshare.net/aarish9696/capacity-planning-3652764>. [Retrieved 12.8.2013]\r\n3. â€Å"Differences Between Marketing Orientation & merchandise Orientation”. N.d [Online] Small business. purchasable at <http://smallbusiness.chron.com/differences-between-marketing-orientation-production-orientation-31092.html>. [Retrieved 12.8.2013]\r\n4. ‘’Growth-share matrix’’ (2013). [Online] Wikipedia the free Encyclopedia. Available at <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth-share_matrix>.[Retrieved 14.8.2013]\r\n5. Kalsoom, K (2013) â€Å"SWOT analysis for Unilever”. [Online] Blog spot. Available at <http://worldofyourchoice.blogspot.com/2013/02/swot-for-unilever.html>. [Retrieved 16.08.2013]\r\n6. Lynch, Richard ( 2009). [Book] strategical Management. Fifth Edition, Page 97, Pearson upbringing. [Retrieved 14.8.2013]\r\n7. McLaughlin, J â€Å"Production Orientation: Definition, Examples & Quiz”. N.d [Online] Education Portal. Available at < http://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/production-orientation-definition-examples-quiz.html>. [Retrieved 12.8.2013]\r\n8. â€Å" agency of suppliers analysis”.N.d [ Online] Oxbridge writers. Available at <http://www.oxbridgewriters.com/essays/business/power-of-suppliers-analysis.php>. [Retrieved 15.8.2013]\r\n9. â€Å"Strategy capacity for planning”.N.d [Online] action management. Available at <http://ids355.wikispaces.com/Ch.+5+strategic+Capacity+Planning+for+Products+and+Services>. [Retrieved 13.8.2013]\r\n10. â€Å"The BCG Matrix/ma trận quản lý hạng mục kinh doanh của Boston Consulting convention” (2008). [Online] Cyvee connecting professional. Available at <http:// www.cyvee.com/group/ countersign/12109/The-BCG-Matrixma-tran-quan-ly-hang-muc-kinh-doanh-cua-Boston-Consulting-Group/?gid=108>. [Retrieved 14.8.2013] 11. N Nayab â€Å"Isolation of marketing function”(2011). Bright hub. [Online] Available at\r\n'

'Jp Morgan& Chase Annual Report\r'

'JPMorgan and bevel 2011 mo mesh topologyary Analysis Abbiton Mumba , Bomboma Douti, Thuy Doan, Tracy Nguyen [Type the union speech communication] General education: JPMorgan quest for (NYSE: JPM) is virtuoso of the oldest m angiotensin converting enzymetary worlds in the get together States with a business relationship dating back tot ally all oer 200 stratums. JPMorgan and pass over is basically include ac gild- the U. S. consumer and commercialised patoising short letteres military suffice customers to a dishonor place the dock brand. The consumer businesses include: Branch, ATM, promise and online deposeing, Credit control boards, Small business, Home finance and  brothament equity loans, railcar finance, Education finance, Retirement &type A; Investing, Retail Checking.The commercial depositing businesses include: Middle Market, corpo in truth Client cussing, commercial Real Estate, Business Credit, Equipment Finance, commercial-grade Ter m L expirying, Community Development. †and JPMorgan which is J. P. Morgan clients include the worlds most self-aggrandising corpo dimensionns, governments, wealthy individuals and institutional giftors. These businesses use the J. P. Morgan brand: enclothement bills funds rim, Asset concern, Treasury Services, Worldwide Securities Services, snobbish relying, Private Client Services, iodine Equity Partners.The corpo enumerate supply argon in 270 Park Avenue, Midtown, Manhattan, bran-new York City, New York, and the retail and commercial swan is head stringed in  chase Tower, Chicago Loop, Chicago, Illinois, coupled States. The biggest event new-madely that JPMorgan anticipating in is erudition of Washington Mutual in 2008. JPMorgan tail raised $10  accountinal in a armory sale to cover write- bulge outs and losings laterward taking on gravels and branches of Washington Mutual  finished the acquisition, JPMorgan now own s the former accounts of Providian Financial, a commendation card issuer Washington Mutual acquired in 2005.The company proclaimed broadcasts to complete the rebranding of Washington Mutual branches to sideline by late 2009. JPMorgan and bevel has the fiscal twelvemonth devastation declension 31. Inter straighten out selective information: The internet address of the corpo symmetryn is www. jpmorgan. com. The website provides broad information. The most outstanding partitioning is the â€Å"Investor relation” section. We finish find Financial Information including annual report/ proxy asseve equilibratens, SEC filing, earning release, credit releases, Investor flummoxations , sh beholder information including line of credit damage history.The use of fulls and services of website is describe the corpo proportionalityn, provide customer service information, fight the assiduity the corporate in, provide employment information, air out corporate citizenship . The annual reports and opposite distinguishable reports jackpot be found in the government website www. sec. gov. The base Standard Classification (SIC) is 6021 6029 6712 and the Central Index linchpin (CIK) come up assigned to corpo proportionalityns that file with the SEC is 19617. The in style(p) form 10-K is dated February, 29th, 2012. Basically, JPMorgan and drop back amaze a moderate sort in the price of the gross stock over the withstand deuce stratums.The biggest mintwards slope is betwixt September 2011 to descentember 2011 and consequently(prenominal) it continues to be upward sloping. This fall price considers a narrow price throw up. Income book Comp ard to proceed year, gross growth diminish by -5. 3168%. A diminishd of $5,460,000,000. The decline in net impose gross enhancement from 2010 was dictated by freeze off net delight income, securities gains, mortgage fees cogitate income, and principal proceeding tax income, partly take o ff by higher(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) positively charged steering, administration and focussing revenue and higher new(prenominal) income.The outgrowth in nonsake outgo was set largely by higher compensation outgo, reflecting replace magnitude headcount. Despite the fact that the revenue lost than persist year, over the last 5 year the company experienced the change magnitude revenue delinquent to net in springs to products with higher margins, higher deposit and loan proportions, and the effect of higher norm foodstuffplace levels. Growth in Revenue decreases than last year neverthe elflike Growth in ne 2rk additions by 9. 2458%. Although the utmost Revenue of the con short year is less(prenominal) than last year bargonly Pre- readying onward motion on 2010 decreases from $16,639,000,000 to $7,574,000,000.That reason set outs Growth in receipts during the present-day(prenominal) year join on by 9. 2458%. Common-size Analysis: | original Ye ar| Previous Year| Revenue| snow%| 100%| Non- enliven write down| 64. 70%| 59. 59%| touch on Expense| 13. 99%| 12. 45%| Income Tax Expense| 7. 99%| 7. 29%| Income from continuing transactions| 27. 51%| 24. 21%| Net Income| 19. 52%| 16. 91%| In ecumenical chase’s app nullify non-sake write downs in 2011 rose 5. 11% higher than the wide non-interest expense in 2010. The net income in 2010 seems raze than 2011 collect to less operate and investment activities in 2010.Apart the mark labeled some other expenses and amortization of impalp satisfactorys; all the other expenses were near higher. The improver in non-interest expense was drive largely by higher compensation expense reflecting headcount. The in operation(p) cost as part of the non-interest expense was definitely higher compargond to 2010. The higher headcount visibly explains this add-on. The formulation for credit lost was 8. 41% lower than the 2010 provision. This was delinquent to the ameliorati on of collection from customers. Consumer business modestly improve and mortgage net charge-offs and delinquencies improved.It is probably included in the item â€Å"other expenses” which were lower than 2010 that 6. 38% higher than 2009. Tax Burden: The measure revenue in 2011 was 5. 62% lower than the revenue in 2011 merely the bottom line was a lot higher than the antecedent year (2. 61%). The taxation burden became consequently higher than the previous year; actually about 0. 7%. The increase in the tax burden due to the higher income in 2011 was definitely the result of the lower provision in credit hurt in 2011. The provision in 2010 was about twice the provision in 2011, because of the lower interest revenue.Profitability in 2011 was better than the one in 2010. As a percentage of tot revenue, net income was 2. 61% higher than the one in 2010. Net income in 2011 was by itself 9. 2 % higher than the one in 2010. This was again the result of the lower provision f or credit losses. The consumer portfolio also improved. The decline in 2010 was driven by lower net interest income, security gains, mortgage fees and think income. The other-than-temporary impairment losses argon included in securities gains for the periods presented was $27 one thousand gazillion in 2011 and $94 cardinal in 2010. Balance sheet JPMorgan mark ; Co. s one of the oldest, largest and best-known pecuniary institutions in the world. The firms legacy dates back to 1799 and ope grade in to a greater extent than 50 countries. JPMorgan and drop behind is proved to be a spring up firm with higher capital and liquidness. The natural Assets on the proportionality sheet grew $148,187 one one gazillion million million million, year ending Dec 31, 2011 from previous year ending Dec 31 2010 representing a percentage of 0. 07. The change in Assets were partly due to the acquisition of RBS Sempra on July 1, 2010 and the transaction in 2011 of RBS Sempra which is a commo dities’ orbicular oil, orbiculate metals and European provide and gas businesses.This acquisition almost doubled the reduce of clients the firm’s commodities’ business send packing serve and has enabled the firm to offer clients more(prenominal) products in more regions of the world. J. P Morgan result completed bribe of the remain interest in High bridge, which resulted in $228 million Capital surplus. Missing Common size abbreviation bullion Flow Statement: The silver flows resulting from operation activities in 2010 and 2011 were -$3752 million and $95,932 million. The specie flow resulting from investment activities in 2010 and 2011 was $54,002 million and -$170,752.The funds flow resulting from support activities in 2010 and 2011was -$49,217 million and $107,706 million. in that respect was a hearty increasing in cash $ 32,035 in 2011 and a miniature $1,361 million in 2010. The beginning in cash rest period was $27,567 million and $26,20 6 million singly in 2011 and 2010. The ending cash balance in 2011 and 2010 were $59,602 million and $27,567 million. thither were troika significant sources of cash which were from a hug number of net change in deposit, proceeds from great-term borrowings and trust preferable capital debt securities and from net pay and sell securities.The three most significant uses of cash were taken from acquisition of businesses or dis sets, purchase securities and loans out and proceed from sales, securitizations and net income downs of loans held-for-sale and net change in trading summations. base on a comparison of the income statement to the statement of the cash flows, depreciation and amortization in intangible was add back to statement of cash flow and other-than-temporary impairment losses are included in securities gains for the periods presented, caused the greatest leavings net income ( loss) and the cash flow from operation. Statement of changes in farm animalholdersâ€⠄¢ Equity:The number of normal allocates corking has decreased over 3 long time. On march 18, 2011, the Board of Directors approve a $15. 0 million joint equity (i. e. , common stock and warrants) redemption program, of which $8. 95 billion was authorized for salvation in 2011. The $15. 0 billion repurchase program superseded a $10. 0 billion repurchase program approved in 2007. During 2011 and 2010, the star sign repurchased (on a trade-date basis) an aggregate of 240 million and 78 million shares of common stock and warrants, for $8. 95 billion and $3. 0 billion, at an average price per unit of $37. 35 and $38. 9, respectively. The unwavering did not repurchase any of the warrants during 2010, and did not repurchase any shares of its common stock or warrants during 2009. As of celestial latitude 31, 2011, rough 408 million unissued shares of common stock were reserved for proceeds to a lower place various employee incentive, compensation, option and stock purchase forges, director compensation visualizes, and the warrants sold by the U. S. Treasury. kept up(p) Earnings: fixed Dec 31 2011 Dec 31 2010 Beginning Retained earnings (2008) $54,013,000,000 Net Income $944. 00, 000 $1,001,000,000 Ending Retained Earnings $88,315,000,000 $73,998,000,000 From the number in a higher place we can conclude that Retained earnings increased in 2008 to $88,315,000,000 from $73,998,000,000 in 2010. Notes and supporting schedules to the monetary statements. specie and cash equivalents: the corporation define their cash equivalents by fund invested in US, T-bills, money mart account, acquire deposits or baseborn-denomination time deposit and other investment with a maturity of 3 months or less when purchase.Account receivable: The corporation has the gross Account receivable of $89,087 million authorized year and $102,413 million in 2010 reflects to 30. 9% and 31. 5% percentage of uncollectible. The lower the ratio the better, JPMorgan and avocationà ¢â‚¬â„¢s percentage uncollectible for 2011 is slightly better than 2010. The results of the receivable perturbation in 2011 and 2010 were 1. 48 times and 2. 69 times respectively. The higher the turnover is the better. However, the true year 2011 is lower than the previous year 2010.This is the result of the higher revenue in 2010. Inventories: N/A Property and Depreciation: The Corporation sort out its property, forget and equipment into five categories: arrive, buildings, leasehold improvements, furniture and fixtures, computer hardware and software. JPMorgan pursuit computes depreciation using the straight-line method over the inferd serviceable life of an summation. For leasehold improvements, the watertight uses the straight-line method computed over the lesser of the remaining term of the leased facility or the estimated useful life of the leased asset.None of the assets were have a go at itd as impaired during the current year. The Accumulated Depreciation increase d from $13,355,000,000 of last year to $14,041,000,000 of current year. Despite the basis or construction in progress, percentage of dictated Asset Depreciation was approximately 23. 17% last year and 23. 26 % this year. For the percentage of fixed asset depreciation do not included land and construction in progress, in that location is slightly increased from last year to this year. The increase in acquaint and equipment was predominantly due to renovation of J.P Morgan cross’s headquarters in New York City, the purchase of a building in London, retail branch working out in the US, and investment in technology hardware and software, as swell up as other equipment. The increase was particularly graduation-class honours degree by depreciation and amortization. This implies that in the upcoming the company bequeath spend more money on replacing the old equipment and that track of life it electrical shocks on the capital expenditure on their pecuniary statement. However, the company applies on the fixed asset turnover to father revenue. The ratios are 7. 50 times last year and 7. 0 this year Operating and Capitalized leases: JP Morgan furrow hasn’t take holdd any capitalized leases in the 2011 10K. We do have a section devoted to run leases. Obligation associated with direct leases in 2011was $2,228 million, and expense associated with operating leases in the current year is $1,825 million. Payment for operating leases beside year is $1,753 million. Long term debt: JPMorgan chase issues long-term debt denominated in various currencies, although predominantly U. S. dollars, with both(prenominal) fixed and variable interest rates.Included in cured and subordinated debt below are various equity-linked or other kinged instruments, which the wet has elected to meter at modal(a) judge. Changes in becoming cheer are put down in principal transactions revenue in the Consolidated Statements of Income. The following circuit c ard is a compendious of long-term debt carrying hold dears (including unamortized original issue discount, military rank adjustments and fair value adjustments, where applicable) by remaining contractual maturity as of December 31, 2011. Most debts were JPMorgan cross Capital.The five largest debt were JPMorgan pursue Capital X $1,016 million in add with the rate of 7%, JPMorgan mark Capital XXV $2,292 million in beat with the rate of 6. 8% rate, JPMorgan previous(prenominal)ime Capitals XXVI $1,815 million in amount with the rate of 8. 0% , JPMorgan accompany Capitals XXVIII $1, vitamin D million in amount with the rate of 7. 2%, JPMorgan cover Capitals XXIX $1,500 million in amount with the rate of 6. 7%. Those debts aren’t due until next 30 years. JPMorgan and Chase don’t have any significant debt payment outstanding.Pension Plans: JPMorgan and Chase recognize in its statement of pecuniary position the funded status of a return protrude; measure deli mit earn protrude assets and provinces as of the end of the employer’s fiscal year (with limited draw outions) and recognize as a component of other comprehensive examination income, net of tax, the gains or losses and prior service costs or credits that arise that are not recognise as components of net periodic benefit costs pursuant to prior existing guidance. JPMorgan and Chase don’t have Defined Contribution Pension expense but Defined Benefit Pension with the expense of 11,808 billion.Defined benefit obligation in the current year: $13461 millions for U. S and Non U. S plans. Fair value of the hideaway plan assets at the end of the current year: At December 31, 2011 delineate benefit gift plan amounts not measured at fair value included $50 million. At the end of December 2011, the accumulated defined benefit reward obligation had a balance of ($9,008) million, but in my opinion, the plan is well funded. At December 2011, the plan was give tongue to to have 2. 6 billion balance overfunded. It is understandably stated in the notes that by December thirty-first 2011, the U. K plan was $33 million unfunded.Amount recognized on the balance sheet related to subsidy: $ 1,429 million funded in the U. S, and a non-U. S balance of 160 million. The amount contributed to the defined benefit subsidy plan in 2011 was 37 million for the U. S and 169 million for the Non-US. $540 million were paid to retirees in the U. S whereas 93million were paid to non U. S in 2011. Investments in the defined benefit pension fund are the profligate’s U. S. defined benefit pension plan assets are held in trust and are invested in a well-diversified portfolio of equity and fixed income securities, real estate, cash and cash equivalents, and alternative investments (e. . , hedge funds, semiprivate equity, real estate and real assets). Non-U. S. defined benefit pension plan assets are held in various trusts and are also invested in well-diversified por tfolios of equity, fixed income and other securities. Assets of the firmly’s COLI policies, which are used to partially fund the U. S. OPEB plan, are held in separate accounts with an insurance company and are invested in equity and fixed income index funds. The investment policy for the watertight’s U. S. efined benefit pension plan assets is to optimize the risk-return relationship as appropriate to the needs and goals using a orbicular portfolio of various asset castees diversified by market place segment, economic sector, and issuer. Assets are managed by a conspiracy of midland and external investment managers. Periodically the family performs a comprehensive analysis on the U. S. defined benefit pension plan asset allocations, incorporating communicate asset and obligation selective information, which focuses on the short-and long-term impact of the asset allocation on cumulative pension expense, economic cost, present value of contributions and funde d status.Postretirement Benefits other than Pensions: there is no expense associated with non-pension bear-retirement benefit. Benefits obligation for the non-pension post-retirement benefit plan was $999 million in 2011. Fair market value of assets held for non-pension post-retirement benefits plan was 1,435 million in 2011. The plan is tolerablely funded. The fair market value of the post-retirement benefit plan has liberal resources to operate. Amount recognized on the balance sheet related to the non-pension post-retirement plan was $436 million.Amount contributed to non-pension post retirement benefits during the current year is $2 million, and amount of non-pension post retirement benefits paid to retirees during the current year is $26 million. Income Taxes: The income tax expense for the current year in the income statement is $7,773 million and $1,693 million of the current year’s income tax expense has been deferred to future periods. The healthy tax rate for c urrent year is 29. 1%. There are two types of Income taxes disclosed on the notes: rough-cut deferred tax asset is $27,632 million and porcine deferred tax indebtedness is $12,856 million.As the results, the Net deferred tax amount is $14,776 million. The significant activities resulted in recognition of deferred tax liabilities that are not yet due to a tax authority are depreciation and amortization, leasing transactions, non-US transaction and others. On other hand, the significant activities led to the recognition of deferred tax assets will be utilized in the future are allowance for loan losses, employee benefits, accrued expenses and others, non-US trading operations, tax attribute carry forwards. Stock-Based Compensation: MISSING metameric and Geographic Information: JPMorgan Chase & Co. JPMorgan Chase) is a financial holding company. The Company is a global financial services firm and a entrusting institution in the linked States, with global operations. The Compan y is enmeshed in investment banking, financial services for consumers and bantam businesses, commercial banking, financial transaction processing, asset solicitude and private equity. JPMorgan Chase’s principal bank subsidiaries are JPMorgan Chase curse, National Association, a study bank with the fall in States branches in 23 states, and Chase commit USA, National Association, a bailiwick bank that is the Company’s credit card-issuing bank.The bank and non-bank subsidiaries of JPMorgan Chase operate nationally, as well as finished overseas branches and subsidiaries, representative offices and subsidiary foreign banks. One of the Company’s principal operating subsidiaries in the United Kingdom is J. P. Morgan Securities Ltd. , a subsidiary of JPMorgan Chase Bank; N. A. JPMorgan Chase’s activities are create into cardinal business segments, as well as Corporate/Private Equity. JPMorgan Chase’s activities are organized into six business se gments, as well as Corporate/Private Equity.The Company’s wholesale businesses comprise the Investment Bank (IB), Commercial Banking (CB), Treasury & Securities Services (TSS) and Asset oversight (AM) segments. The Company’s consumer businesses comprise the Retail Financial Services (RFS) and Card Services & Auto (Card) segments. Contingencies: NEED TO FIX Probable judicial proceeding: The business firm has established reserves for several(prenominal)(prenominal) hundred of its shortly outstanding legal proceedings. The faithful accrues for potential liability arising from much(prenominal)(prenominal) proceedings when it is probable that such liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be evenhandedly estimated.The libertine evaluates its outstanding legal proceedings each quarter to assess its judicial proceeding reserves, and introduces adjustments in such reserves, upwards or downwards, as appropriate, establish on management’s best judgment after consultation with counsel. During the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009, the stanch incurred $4. 9 billion, $7. 4 billion and $161 million, respectively, of litigation expense. There is no assurance that the mansion’s litigation reserves will not need to be adjusted in the future.Mortgage Foreclosure Investigations and litigation: JPMorgan Chase and four other firms have agreed to a firmness of purpose in doctrine (the â€Å"global closing”) with a number of federal and state government agencies, including the U. S. incision of Justice, the U. S. Department of housing and Urban Development, the Consumer Financial trade protection Bureau and the State Attorneys General, relating to the servicing and origination of mortgages. The global settlement, which is subject to the execution of a definitive symmetry and greet approval, calls for the starchy to, among other things: (i) make cash payments of approximately $1. billion (a po rtion of which will be set aside for payments to borrowers); (ii) provide approximately $500 million of re finance relief to trustworthy â€Å"underwater” borrowers whose loans are owned by the strong; and (iii) provide approximately $3. 7 billion of superfluous relief for trustworthy borrowers, including reductions of principal on first and second liens, payments to processer with short sales, deficiency balance waivers on past tense foreclosures and short sales, and forbearance assistance for unemployed homeowners. If the Firm does not represent original targets for provision of the re financial backing or other borrower relief within certain visit time periods, the Firm will instead make cash payments. ) In addition, under the global settlement the Firm will be required to puzzle to certain enhanced mortgage servicing standards. Overdraft topple/Debit Posting Order Litigation: JPMorgan Chase Bank, N. A. has been named as a defendant in several purported course of instruction actions relating to its practices in posting debit card transactions to customers’ deposit accounts.Plaintiffs allege that the Firm improperly re- ordinationed debit card transactions from the highest amount to the terminal amount before processing these transactions in order to generate unwarranted overdraft fees. Plaintiffs contend that the Firm should have processed such transactions in the chronological order they were authorized. Plaintiffs seek the disgorgement of all overdraft fees paid to the Firm by plaintiffs since approximately 2003 as a result of the re-ordering of debit card transactions.The claims against the Firm have been consolidated with numerous complaints against other national banks in multi- district litigation pending in the United States District cost for the Southern District of Florida. The Firm’s motion to compel arbitration of certain plaintiffs’ claims was initially denied by the District cost. On appeal, the Unite d States court of righteousness of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit vacated the District Court’s order and remanded the case for reconsideration in light of a recent ruling by the United States Supreme Court in an orthogonal case addressing the enforcement of an arbitration provision in a consumer product agreement.The Firm has reached an agreement in principle to settle this matter in exchange for the Firm paying $110 million and agreeing to change certain overdraft fee practices. The settlement is subject to documentation and court approval. Service Members Civil Relief Act and admit and Economic reco truly Act Investigations and litigation: multiple government officials have conducted inquiries into the Firm’s procedures related to the Service Members Civil Relief Act (â€Å"SCRA”) and the Housing and Economic Reco very(prenominal) Act of 2008 (â€Å"HERA”).These inquiries were prompted by the Firm’s public statements about its SCRA and HERA compliance and actions to amend certain instances in which the Firm mistakenly supercharged active or recently-active military personnel mortgage interest and fees in supernumerary of that permitted by SCRA and HERA, and in a number of instances, foreclosed on borrowers protected by SCRA and HERA. The Firm has implemented a number of adjective enhancements and controls to military uniten its SCRA and HERA compliance.In addition, an individual borrower filed a nationwide class action in United States District Court for South Carolina against the Firm alleging violations of the SCRA related to home loans. The Firm agreed to pay $27 million plus attorneys’ fees, in addition to reimbursements previously paid by the Firm, to settle the class action. Additional borrowers were subsequently added to the class, and the Firm agreed to pay an additional $8 million into the settlement fund. The court entered a final order approving the settlement in January 2012. Reasonable accompl ishable:The Firm weighs the estimate of the aggregate range of pretty practicable losses, in excess of reserves established, for its legal proceedings is from $0 to approximately $5. 1 billion at December 31, 2011. This estimated aggregate range of middling workable losses is based upon soon visible(prenominal) information for those proceedings in which the Firm is involved, taking into account the Firm’s best estimate of such losses for those cases for which such estimate can be made. For certain cases, the Firm does not believe that an estimate can currently be made.The Firm’s estimate involves significant judgment, given the vary stages of the proceedings (including the fact that more are currently in preliminary stages), the existence in more an(prenominal) such proceedings of multiple defendants (including the Firm) whose share of liability has yet to be determined, the numerous yet-unresolved issues in many of the proceedings (including issues regardin g class certification and the scope of many of the claims) and the attendant uncertainty of the various potential outcomes of such proceedings.Accordingly, the Firm’s estimate will change from time to time, and actual losses whitethorn be more than the current estimate. Auction Rate Securities Investigations and Litigation: Beginning in March 2008, several restrictive authorities initiated investigations of a number of industry participants, including the Firm, concerning possible state and federal securities law violations in contact with the sale of auction-rate securities.The market for many such securities had flash-frozen and a significant number of auctions for those securities began to fail in February 2008. The Firm also faces a number of cultured actions relating to the Firm’s sales of auction-rate securities, including a acknowledged securities class action in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York that seeks unspecified da mages, and individual arbitrations and lawsuits in various forums brought by institutional and individual investors that, together, seek damages totaling approximately $50 million.The actions generally allege that the Firm and other firms manipulated the market for auction-rate securities by placing bids at auctions that affected these securities’ clearing rates or otherwise supported the auctions without properly disclosing these activities. some(prenominal) actions also allege that the Firm misrepresented that auction-rate securities were short instruments. The lawsuits are being coordinated before the federal District Court in New York.Additionally, the Firm was named in two putative antitrust class actions. The actions allege that the Firm, along with numerous other financial institution defendants, colluded to maintain and stabilize the auction-rate securities market and then to withdraw their support for the auction-rate securities market. In January 2010, the Distric t Court dismissed both actions. An appeal is pending in the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit.Interim (Quarterly comprehending: During the current year 2011, the company’s revenue for maiden quarter is $25,221 million, 2nd quarter is $26,779 million, 3rd quarter is $23,763 million and 4th quarter is $21,471 million. There is a significant fluctuation in quarterly data because It experienced a decrease in revenues during the current year from 1st quarter to 4th quarter. enunciate of independent Auditors: Auditor is PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP located at ccc Madison Avenue New York, NY 10017. The auditor believes that the financial statements were presented fairly.Their opinion is stated as follow: In our opinion, the accompanying consolidated balance sheets and the related consolidated statements of income, changes in stockholders equity and comprehensive income and cash flows present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of JPMorgan C hase ; Co. and its subsidiaries (the â€Å"Firm”) at December 31, 2011 and 2010, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2011, in abidance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of the States. likewise in our opinion, the Firm maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2011, based on criteria established in Internal restrainer †co-ordinated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway missionary work (COSO). Report of Internal control: Management of JPMorgan Chase ; Co. (â€Å"JPMorgan Chase â€Å"or the â€Å"Firm”) is answerable for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. The same authority, Management of JPMorgan Chase ; Co. â€Å"JPMorgan Chase â€Å"or the â€Å"Firm”) is responsible for maintaining ade quate internal control over financial reporting. The auditor does believe that the corporation maintained adequate internal control over financial reporting. hither is their opinion: â€Å"in our opinion, the Firm maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2011, based on criteria established in Internal Control †Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). proportionality Analysis Analysis of profitability: The profit margins were 16. 1% and 19. 52 % to the following 2010 and 2011 year end. The increase in profit margin due to the favor of the allowance for losses, noninterest revenue and interest expense. interest income and interest expense is recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Income and categorize based on the nature of the underlying asset or liability. interestingness income and interest expense includes the current-period interest accruals for financial instruments measured at fair value, except for financial instruments containing embedded derivatives that would be separately accounted for in accordance with U.S. GAAP absent the fair value option election; for those instruments, all changes in fair value including any interest elements, are describe in principal transactions revenue. For financial instruments that are not measured at fair value, the related interest is included within interest income or interest expense, as applicable. The corporation has the return on assets of 0. 86% in 2011 and 0. 79% in 2010. The returns on assets were significant low equal to return on stockholder’s equity of 10. 5% in 2011 and 9. 66% in 2010. In general, JPMorgan and Chase is a big corporation, but they had a tight controlled and managed very well. Therefore, their earning is improved and very stable in recent year although the preservation looks doom. Earnings per share (â€Å"EPS”) is work out unde r the two-class method under which all earnings (distributed and undistributed) are allocated to each class of common stock and participating securities based on their respective rights to give birth dividends.JPMorgan Chase grants restricted stock and RSUs to certain employees under its stock-based compensation programs, which entitle recipients to receive non-forfeitable dividends during the vesting period on a basis equivalent to the dividends paid to holders of common stock; these unvested awards meet the definition of participating securities. Options issued under employee benefit plans that have an anti-dilutive effect are excluded from the deliberation of reduce EPS. EPS in 2011 was $4. 50 compare to 2010 of $ 3. 98. This increase is the result of increasing in net income in 2011 due to better management.The corporation does disclose the diluted EPS with $4. 48 in 2011 and $3. 96 in 2010. Cash dividend per share in 2011 was $ 0. 94 dollar per share and $0. 36 dollar per sh are in 2010. Dividend payout ratio for 2010 was 16% and 35% in 2011. Price/ Earning ratio also improves between 2010 with 9. 26 times and 2011 with 9. 62 times. In the past decade, the average P/E ratio for Major Corporation has ranged from 14 to 25. JPMorgan and Chase’s P/E was below the range about 5 points. However, we can’t asseverate that JPMorgan and Chase is no t growing.JPMorgan Corporation is abundant plus with the gloomy economy right now, but this corporation up to now generates profitability era other corporation in the same industry is struggling. This allege us that JPMorgan is a stable for a long run. Analysis of Liquidity: JPMorgan and Chase had the current (working capital) ratio in 2011 of 1. 55:1 and 1. 71:1 in 2010. Net working capital was $964,168 million in 2011 and $932,220 in 2010. cursorily (Acid â€Test) ratios were 0. 28:1 in 2011 and 0. 31:1 in 2010. The liquidity position of the corporation weakened a little in 2011.Although there w as an increase in cash and receivables in 2011, there was less account receivable compared to 2010. There was also a large increase in current liabilities in 2011, because of the increase in deposit. Based on this, JP Morgan Chase should be able to meet its current obligation even though the ratio was a little down compare to the previous year of 2010. Since it is a big and sustainable corporation in the financial industry, there is seldom a change for them to have a problem with the working capital. Analysis of Solvency: Debt to total Assets in 2011 was 91. 8% and 91. 6% in 2010.There is not oftentimes difference between the debt to assets ratio showing the amount of supplement JP Morgan Chase used to finance its operations between the year 2011 and the year 2010.. The rule of thumb is to make sure that the bottom which is the assets is larger than the top which is the liabilities. The ratio of 91. 8% percent for the year 2011 and 91. 6% for the year 2010 at first glance would g ive an picture of a company which is over leveraged. This is not the case, JPMorgan Chase Debt to Assets ratio is very consistent with the banking industry standards particularly banks of JPMorgan Chase size.Banks make money by alter other peoples money. It never hurts however, to bring the ratio a little lower as it would give the bank more space to maneuver should there be a financial melting in the general economy like the one experienced in 2008. Potential lenders would prefer the ratio to be as lower as much as possible because that would show that the company has more Assets than Liabilities which can help the company pay its debt when it’s due or assets that can be liquidated to pay its lenders should the company end up in liquidation. Missing Time Interest Earned proportionality Industry Competitor proportion:A close competitor of JPMorgan Chase is Bank of America Corporation. The difference between these large banks is that Bank of America is primarily a bank op erating in other financial services while J. P. Morgan is an investment firm also operating as a bank. It has offices in more than 60 countries of the world. two companies have relatively identical gross profit percentages; but percentages changed if we go down to income from continuing operations of both companies. As we see on the table 3, we know that the Net income from continuing operations of JP Morgan Chase is greater than Bank of America Corporation.This shows that Chase is good at managing costs on other income and expenses in any event selling general and administrative and others. On the balance sheets, we both see the similar common-size on total assets of both companies. Another difference between two of them is the profitability. As we see on Table 3, profit margin of Chase bank is higher due to net income (gain) while Bank of America experiences a net loss. increase on asset for both companies are pretty low on last year. Return on equity for Chase bank is higher that means the shareholders earn a decent return on their equity investment.The major different on Profitability ratio between two companies is the dividend payout ratio which is the Bank of America is way excessively high. It indicates the company pays high dividends whose stock price is temporary not good. Moreover, a high dividend payout ratio can also point to a mature company with hardly a(prenominal) growth opportunities. On other hand, Chase bank has low dividend payout ratio that we know Chase is a fast-growing company whose shareholders willingly withdraw from cash dividends, because the company uses the extra money to generate higher returns and, in turn, a high stock price.As a conclusion, JP Morgan Chase is more profitable than Bank of America Corporation. Compared on the liquidity ratios, both companies meet their requirements on pay their liabilities on time. If we take down to Acid test, we easily understand Bank of America has more liquid assets available to pay its current debts. On the debt ratio, both companies’ ratios are over 0. 5 which means both companies’ assets are finances finished debts. On the Time interest earned ratio, JP Morgan Chase is little bit higher which is better since Bank of America Corporation Company has more debts.Last but not least, Operational ratios are very similar and they both efficiently know how to use the assets on sales. As the whole comparison between likewise biggest bank firms, I think they are overall doing very well on managing their companies. Taking on to the details, JP Morgan Chase has more probability on sales. Bank of America is even so doing fine but if I prefer invest on JP Morgan Chase’ stock. |  JP Morgan ;Chase |  | Bank of America Corp. |  | Income Statement Common-Size Data|  |  |  |  | Gross Profit/Sales| 92. 0%|  | 95. 6%|  | Income from chronic Operations/Sales| 19. 5%|  | 7. %|  | Balance rag week Common-Size Data|  |   |  |  | Current Assets/ tote up Assets| 19. 5%|  | 42. 5%|  | Current Liabilities/Total Assets| 71. 4%|  | 74. 1%|  | Liabilities/Total Assets| 91. 9%|  | 89. 2%|  | Equity/Total Assets| 8. 1%|  | 10. 8%|  | Profitabilty Ratios|  |  |  |  | Profit Margin| 19. 5%|  | 1. 3%|  | Return on Assets| 0. 9%|  | 0. 1%|  | Return on Equity| 10. 6%|  | 0. 7%|  | Dividend Payout Ratio| 18. 0%|  | 400. 0%|  | Liquidity Ratios|  |  |  |  | Current Ratio| 0. 62 :1|  | 0. 64:1|  | Quick Ratio| 0. 27 :1|  | 0. 2:1|  | Solvency Ratios|  |  |  |  | Debt/Total Assets| 0. 92|  | 0. 89|  | Times Interest Earned (Accrual)| 3. 00|  | 1. 12|  | Operational Ratios|  |  |  |  | Receivable swage| 1. 5|  | 1. 5|  | Inventory Turnover| N/A|  | N/A|  | © 2008 William R. Pasewark|  |  |  |  | | | | | | Making finale based on annual report Total net revenue for 2011 was $97. 2 billion, a decrease of $5. 5 billion, or 5%, from 2010. Results for 2011 were driven by lower net interest income in several businesses, lower securities gains in Corporate/Private Equity, ower mortgage fees and related income in RFS, and lower principal transactions revenue in Corporate/Private Equity. These declines were partially offset by higher asset management fees, largely in AM. Investment banking fees decreased from 2010, predominantly due to declines in equity and debt underwriting fees. The impact from lower industry-wide volumes in the second half of 2011 more than offset the Firms record level of debt underwriting fees in the first six months of the year. Advisory fees increased for the year, reflecting higher industry-wide completed M&A volumes relative to the 2010 level. Management sermon and analysis) Revenues increased from 2009 to 2010 by 2. 25 %. The increase came in part from noninterest income, securities and principal transactions. The econo my will be the most important factor on the banking industry in the next year. The mortgage industry is withal hurting even if it shows some signs of improvement. JP Morgan showed a net profit of at 5 billion this first quarter of the year, but it is hard to predict if the total revenue at the end of the year would check over the previous year’s revenues.Next year’s revenue is probably going to be in the 100-103 billion range. JP Morgan Chase’s income comes from diverse business units. The total revenues increased 2. 25% from 2009 to 2010. The increase came from asset management, the noninterest revenue, the security gains and the item marked other income. Also the reduction in the allowances for credit losses for mortgages and credit cards as a result of improved delinquency trends and lower estimated losses reflected the net revenue increase. Principal transactions revenue increased compared with 2009.This was driven by the Private Equity business, which had significant private equity gains in 2010, compared with a small loss in 2009, reflecting improvements in market conditions. Net income next year could be in the 19 to 20 billion range. In my opinion, JP Morgan chase’s assets will have a stable growth in the next few years. Despite the visible improvement in the economy, the banking industry is not likely to record rapid growth in the next few years. The recovery is still weak; investments are still lagging and so directly affecting the books of the banks. I expect the total Assets to increase a little more next year based on the mprovement in the broad United States and World economy. My sentiment is based on the fact that JPMorgan performed better than the average bank in 2010 and 2010 arguably the west years for any business in recent history due to the subprime mortgage melt down of the financial markets. The last few years so a high number of unemployment hitting 10% before starting drop later part of 2011 and the highe st number of mortgage foreclosure. The mortgage industry as render and the market is already healing and banks like Wellfargo are already posting stronger than expected results due to their mortgage based assets performing better than expected.JPMorgan Chase’s balance sheet looks relatively strong and do not show that it will need additional financing next few years. It has deposits in excess of $85,279,000,000 and it is sitting on cash of $59,602,000,000. JPMorgan Chase should not have a problem raising funds from the Capital market should they need additional financing based on the strength and growth of its balance sheet. The strength that JPMorgan chase has is the relative ability and strength of deposits which Chase can use to fund its business.This is one advantage banks like Lehman brothers that went under during the financial crisis may not have had. The three areas we see as the strongest aspect of JPMorgan Chase is high balance of deposits with the bank in the amou nt of 85,279,000,000 which shows the relative confidence the market in JPMorgan. Cash deposits are particularly important to banks because they use this morning to lend out for interest and other related fees. The 2011 balance show contain earnings in the amount $88,315,000,000 and retained earning $73,998,000,000 on the 2010 balance sheets respectively.This is important because it shows that JPMorgan Chase have enough resources to fund it operations and enough left over to reinvest into the business for future growth. The Debt to Total Asset ratio was 91. 8% 2011 and 91. 6% 2010 respectively showing that JPMorgan Chase has more Assets than Liabilities which should help the firm raise financing from the markets . should there be a need. This always a good indication to the investors that there investment is cover should the company goes into liquidation.One of the biggest weaknesses we identified was the relative number of law suits and the amount funds that is being spent on settl ing law suits. Though the Debt income ratio is way better than most of the banks in its industry, we believe it would be helpful to bring the amount of leverage down to somewhere around . 075 % to better absorb economic shocks in the larger economy. We are very hopeful for the future of JPMorgan Chase especially as the mortgage industry bottom out and American economy continues creating jobs;we will see banks start do declare above average profits. The firm’s Stock price at 43. 4 is performing relatively better than it competitors like Bank of America at 8. 8 and Citi group at 34 indicating that investors still have confidence in the company. We would not invest in the stock of JPMorgan Chase stock at the moment even if we had money available to invest because we strongly feel that JPM Morgan already a very mature company and does not offer much potential for growth. We would instead invest in competitors such Capital One Corp. which is a relatively small and growing company with enough potential for growth. There stock price also now at 53 has performed better than JPMorgan Chase over the past year.\r\n'